Business requirementsBusiness requirements, also known as stakeholder requirements specifications (StRS), describe the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of the system's end user like a CONOPS. Products, systems, software, and processes are ways of how to deliver, satisfy, or meet business requirements. Consequently, business requirements are often discussed in the context of developing or procuring software or other systems. Three main reasons for such discussions: A common practice is to refer to objectives, or expected benefits, as 'business requirements.
Lidarthumb|FASOR, lidar à fluorescence expérimental utilisé pour sonder la densité de la haute atmosphère en excitant les atomes de sodium. La télédétection par laser ou lidar, acronyme de l'expression en langue anglaise « light detection and ranging » ou « laser imaging detection and ranging » (soit en français « détection et estimation de la distance par la lumière » ou « par laser »), est une technique de mesure à distance fondée sur l'analyse des propriétés d'un faisceau de lumière renvoyé vers son émetteur.
Software requirementsSoftware requirements for a system are the description of what the system should do, the service or services that it provides and the constraints on its operation. The IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology defines a requirement as: A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective. A condition or capability that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Requirements traceabilityRequirements traceability is a sub-discipline of requirements management within software development and systems engineering. Traceability as a general term is defined by the IEEE Systems and Software Engineering Vocabulary as (1) the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor-successor or primary-subordinate relationship to one another; (2) the identification and documentation of derivation paths (upward) and allocation or flowdown paths (downward) of work products in the work product hierarchy; (3) the degree to which each element in a software development product establishes its reason for existing; and (4) discernible association among two or more logical entities, such as requirements, system elements, verifications, or tasks.
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mappingLarge deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) is a specific suite of algorithms used for diffeomorphic mapping and manipulating dense imagery based on diffeomorphic metric mapping within the academic discipline of computational anatomy, to be distinguished from its precursor based on diffeomorphic mapping. The distinction between the two is that diffeomorphic metric maps satisfy the property that the length associated to their flow away from the identity induces a metric on the group of diffeomorphisms, which in turn induces a metric on the orbit of shapes and forms within the field of Computational Anatomy.
Requirements engineeringRequirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering. The first use of the term requirements engineering was probably in 1964 in the conference paper "Maintenance, Maintainability, and System Requirements Engineering", but it did not come into general use until the late 1990s with the publication of an IEEE Computer Society tutorial in March 1997 and the establishment of a conference series on requirements engineering that has evolved into the International Requirements Engineering Conference.
Géodésievignette|Archives géodésiques de Munich, avec au premier plan une planche lithographique concernant les anciens Pays-Bas (région de polders où il était particulièrement important de connaître l'altitude des terres conquises sur la mer souvent situées sous le niveau marin). vignette|Exemple de « point géodésique » de référence marqué par un pilier et daté de 1855, à Ostende sur le littoral de Belgique.
Geodetic control networkA geodetic control network (also geodetic network, reference network, control point network, or control network) is a network, often of triangles, which are measured precisely by techniques of control surveying, such as terrestrial surveying or satellite geodesy. A geodetic control network consists of stable, identifiable points with published datum values derived from observations that tie the points together.
Bathymétrievignette|Vue en perspective du plancher océanique de l'océan Atlantique et de la mer des Caraïbes (Petites Antilles en bas à gauche, et Floride en haut à droite). La grande tranchée au centre de la vue est la Fosse de Porto Rico, au plus profond de l'océan Atlantique et la mer des Caraïbes. vignette|Bathymétrie de l'océan Arctique. La bathymétrie est la technique qui permet la mesure des profondeurs et du relief de l'océan pour déterminer la topographie du sol de la mer.
Science de l'environnementLa science de l'environnement ou science environnementale est une discipline qui intègre les sciences physiques et biologiques telles la physique, la chimie (la biochimie et la chimie de l'environnement), la biologie, l'écologie, la pédologie, la géologie, la géomorphologie, la géographie, la climatologie, l'écologie rétrospective, l'histoire environnementale, etc. afin de mener l'étude de l'environnement.
