Scintillating scotomaScintillating scotoma is a common visual aura that was first described by 19th-century physician Hubert Airy (1838–1903). Originating from the brain, it may precede a migraine headache, but can also occur acephalgically (without headache), also known as visual migraine or migraine aura. It is often confused with retinal migraine, which originates in the eyeball or socket. Many variations occur, but scintillating scotoma usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual field, which prevents vision within the scotoma area.
Thalamusvignette|Vue tridimensionnelle du thalamus (en rouge). vignette|Thalamus (vue antérolatérale). vignette|Thalamus (vue supérieure). Le thalamus (du grec θάλαμος, chambre à coucher) est une structure anatomique paire de substance grise cérébrale diencéphalique. Les deux thalamus sont situés de part et d'autre du ventricule dont ils constituent les parois latérales. Situé en position intermédiaire entre cortex et tronc cérébral, le thalamus a principalement une fonction de relais et d'intégration des afférences sensitives et sensorielles et des efférences motrices, ainsi que de régulation de la conscience, de la vigilance et du sommeil.
IRM de diffusionL’IRM de diffusion est une technique basée sur l' (IRM). Elle permet de calculer en chaque point de l'image la distribution des directions de diffusion des molécules d'eau. Cette diffusion étant contrainte par les tissus environnants, cette modalité d'imagerie permet d'obtenir indirectement la position, l’orientation et l’anisotropie des structures fibreuses, notamment les faisceaux de matière blanche du cerveau. Le signal de résonance magnétique provient le plus souvent en IRM des noyaux d’hydrogène (protons).
Magnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a group of techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of arteries (and less commonly veins) in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing), occlusions, aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture) or other abnormalities. MRA is often used to evaluate the arteries of the neck and brain, the thoracic and abdominal aorta, the renal arteries, and the legs (the latter exam is often referred to as a "run-off").
Fractional anisotropyFractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. FA is a measure often used in diffusion imaging where it is thought to reflect fiber density, axonal diameter, and myelination in white matter.
Cortical spreading depressionCortical spreading depression (CSD) or spreading depolarization (SD) is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition. Spreading depolarization describes a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of depolarization waves of the neurons and neuroglia that propagates across the cortex at a velocity of 1.5–9.5 mm/min. CSD can be induced by hypoxic conditions and facilitates neuronal death in energy-compromised tissue.
Ganglions de la baseLes ganglions de la base (autrement appelés noyaux gris centraux ou noyaux de la base) sont un ensemble de structures sous-corticales constitué par des noyaux pairs, interconnectés au niveau télencéphalique (hémisphères cérébraux) et diencéphalique. Leur structure peut varier selon qu'on les définit de manière anatomique ou fonctionnelle.
DouleurLa douleur est une « expérience sensorielle et émotionnelle désagréable », une sensation subjective normalement liée à un message, un stimulus nociceptif transmis par le système nerveux. D'un point de vue biologique et évolutif, la douleur est une information permettant à la conscience de faire l'expérience de l'état de son corps pour pouvoir y répondre.
Thalamocortical radiationsIn neuroanatomy, thalamocortical radiations also known as thalamocortical fibres, are the efferent fibres that project from the thalamus to distinct areas of the cerebral cortex. They form fibre bundles that emerge from the lateral surface of the thalamus. Thalamocortical fibers (TC fibres) have been referred to as one of the two constituents of the isothalamus, the other being microneurons. Thalamocortical fibers have a bush or tree-like appearance as they extend into the internal capsule and project to the layers of the cortex.
Aging brainAging of the brain is a process of transformation of the brain in older age, including changes all individuals experience and those of illness (including unrecognised illness). Usually this refers to humans. Since life extension is only pertinent if accompanied by health span extension, and, more importantly, by preserving brain health and cognition, finding rejuvenating approaches that act simultaneously in peripheral tissues and in brain function is a key strategy for development of rejuvenating technology.
