DeflateDeflate est un format de compression de données sans perte qui couple l'algorithme LZ77 et le codage de Huffman. Il fut défini à l'origine par Phil Katz pour la version 2 de son archiveur PKZIP, et fut plus tard défini dans les RFC 1950, 1951, et 1952, en 1996, par Jean-Loup Gailly et Mark Adler. Deflate n'est soumis à aucun brevet, ce qui a conduit à son utilisation dans les formats gzip et PNG, en plus du format zip auquel il était au départ destiné, à l'époque où le brevet sur l'algorithme LZW (utilisé dans le format GIF) n'avait pas encore expiré.
Kernel principal component analysisIn the field of multivariate statistics, kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA) is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) using techniques of kernel methods. Using a kernel, the originally linear operations of PCA are performed in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Recall that conventional PCA operates on zero-centered data; that is, where is one of the multivariate observations.
Ocean colorOcean color is the branch of ocean optics that specifically studies the color of the water and information that can be gained from looking at variations in color. The color of the ocean, while mainly blue, actually varies from blue to green or even yellow, brown or red in some cases. This field of study developed alongside water remote sensing, so it is focused mainly on how color is measured by instruments (like the sensors on satellites and airplanes).
Optical sortingOptical sorting (sometimes called digital sorting) is the automated process of sorting solid products using cameras and/or lasers. Depending on the types of sensors used and the software-driven intelligence of the system, optical sorters can recognize an object's color, size, shape, structural properties and chemical composition. The sorter compares objects to user-defined accept/reject criteria to identify and remove defective products and foreign material (FM) from the production line, or to separate product of different grades or types of materials.
