Discrete-time Fourier transformIn mathematics, the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), also called the finite Fourier transform, is a form of Fourier analysis that is applicable to a sequence of values. The DTFT is often used to analyze samples of a continuous function. The term discrete-time refers to the fact that the transform operates on discrete data, often samples whose interval has units of time. From uniformly spaced samples it produces a function of frequency that is a periodic summation of the continuous Fourier transform of the original continuous function.
Medical optical imagingMedical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications, pioneered by American Physical Chemist Britton Chance. Examples include optical microscopy, spectroscopy, endoscopy, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, laser Doppler imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, similar phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves. Optical imaging systems may be divided into diffusive and ballistic imaging systems.
Endospore stainingEndospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. Within bacteria, endospores are protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, including high temperatures making them highly resistant to chemicals. Endospores contain little or no ATP which indicates how dormant they can be. Endospores contain a tough outer coating made up of keratin which protects them from nucleic DNA as well as other adaptations.
Lumière zodiacalevignette|Lumière zodiacale, vue de l'observatoire du Cerro Paranal, Chili. La lumière zodiacale est une faible lueur de forme vaguement triangulaire visible sur le ciel nocturne et qui s'étend le long de l'axe du Soleil sur le plan de l'écliptique (et donc du zodiaque, qui lui a donné son nom). Ce phénomène apparaît le mieux après le coucher du Soleil au printemps, ou avant son lever à l'automne, quand le zodiaque est perpendiculaire à l'horizon.
Romanowsky stainRomanowsky staining, also known as Romanowsky–Giemsa staining, is a prototypical staining technique that was the forerunner of several distinct but similar stains widely used in hematology (the study of blood) and cytopathology (the study of diseased cells). Romanowsky-type stains are used to differentiate cells for microscopic examination in pathological specimens, especially blood and bone marrow films, and to detect parasites such as malaria within the blood.
Coloration de PapanicolaouLa coloration de Papanicolaou est une coloration utilisée en cytologie, en anatomo-pathologie, notamment en gynécologie. Elle permet de différencier les cellules en fonction de leur maturité et de leur activité métabolique. C’est la coloration de référence pour détecter la présence anormale de cellules dans le cervix utérin dans le cadre du diagnostic précoce du cancer du col utérin. Elle est également utilisée pour l'étude morphologique des spermatozoïdes.
Multiangle light scatteringMultiangle light scattering (MALS) describes a technique for measuring the light scattered by a sample into a plurality of angles. It is used for determining both the absolute molar mass and the average size of molecules in solution, by detecting how they scatter light. A collimated beam from a laser source is most often used, in which case the technique can be referred to as multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS).
