Environmental impact of concreteThe environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture, and its applications, are complex, driven in part by direct impacts of construction and infrastructure, as well as by CO2 emissions; between 4-8% of total global CO2 emissions come from concrete. Many depend on circumstances. A major component is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete. The cement industry is one of the main producers of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas.
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equationsNumerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Their use is also known as "numerical integration", although this term can also refer to the computation of integrals. Many differential equations cannot be solved exactly. For practical purposes, however – such as in engineering – a numeric approximation to the solution is often sufficient. The algorithms studied here can be used to compute such an approximation.
Dialysis (chemistry)In chemistry, dialysis is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing. Dialysis is a common laboratory technique that operates on the same principle as medical dialysis. In the context of life science research, the most common application of dialysis is for the removal of unwanted small molecules such as salts, reducing agents, or dyes from larger macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, or polysaccharides.
Hémodialysethumb|Appareil d'hémodialyse L'hémodialyse est une méthode d'épuration du sang par la création d'un circuit de circulation extra-corporelle et son passage dans un dialyseur. Lorsqu'il existe une insuffisance rénale sévère, l'organisme se charge progressivement de substances qu'il convient d'éliminer par la dialyse. La dialyse consiste à mettre en contact le sang avec un liquide stérile (le dialysat) dont la composition est proche de celle du plasma (le liquide qui compose 60 % du sang environ) au travers d'une membrane qui sert de filtre.
