Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Waste: An Environmental Assessment Of Recycling, Energy Recovery And Landfilling

The environmental benefits of recycling are assessed against other end-of-life (EOL) treatments for Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) waste. Recycling via pyrolysis, incineration with energy recovery, and disposal via landfilling are compared. To account for physical changes to materials from use and recycling, equivalence between recycled and virgin materials is calculated based on the ability to produce a short fibre composite beam of equivalent stiffness. Secondary effects of using Recycled Carbon Fibre (RCF) in a hypothetical automotive application are also analysed. Results underline the ecological constraints towards recycling CFRPs and demonstrate that benefits from recycling are strongly linked to the impacts of the selected recovery process, the materials replaced by RCF in a secondary application, and also to the type of secondary application in which they are used. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Christian Ludwig, Jan-Anders Månson, Véronique Michaud, Rémy Teuscher, Robert Andrew Witik
Elsevier, 2013
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/184789?ln=fr

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Fibre de carbone

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Polymère renforcé de fibres de carbone

Le polymère renforcé de fibres de carbone, ou PRFC (en anglais Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ou CFRP), est un matériau composite très résistant et léger. Son prix reste à l' assez élevé. De la même

Droits et libertés

La notion de droits et libertés est une théorie en philosophie du droit naturel désignant l'ensemble des normes par lesquelles une personne ou un groupe jouit d'un pouvoir d'autogouvernance. Défini

Welding-induced mechanical properties in austenitic stainless steels before and after neutron irradiation

Nadine Baluc, Robin Schäublin

The effects of neutron irradiation on the mechanical properties of welded joints made of austenitic stainless steels have been investigated. The materials are welded AISI 304 and AISI 347, so-called test weld materials, irradiated with neutrons at 573 K to doses of 0.3 and 1.0 dpa. In addition, an AISI 304 from a decommissioned pressurised water reactor, so-called in-service material, which had accumulated a maximum dose of 0.35 dpa at about 573 K, was investigated. The mechanical properties of heat-affected zones and base materials were analysed before and after irradiation. Tensile parameters were determined at room temperature and at 573 K, for all materials and irradiation conditions. In the test weld materials it is found that radiation hardening is lower and loss of ductility is higher in the heat-affected zone than in the base material. In the in-service material radiation hardening is about the same in heat-affected zone and base material. After irradiation, deformation takes place by stacking faults and twins, at both room temperature and high temperature, contrary to un-irradiated materials, where deformation takes place by twinning at room temperature and by dislocation cells at high temperature. No defect free channels are observed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2007

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Assessing the life cycle costs and environmental performance of lightweight materials in automobile applications

Christian Ludwig, Jan-Anders Månson, Véronique Michaud, Jérôme Payet, Robert Andrew Witik

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and manufacturing focused life cycle costing are used to evaluate the potential advantages of composites in automotive applications. The life cycle costs and environmental performance of several suitable lightweight polymer composites are quantified and compared against magnesium and steel for a representative component. The results indicate that weight reduction will not always lead to improved environmental performance. Materials offering high weight savings such as carbon fibres and magnesium have been shown to give limited or negative environmental benefits over their life cycles due to increased environmental burdens associated with their production. Lower performance materials such as sheet moulding compounds were found to perform better from a life cycle perspective despite not being recycled. Lighter weight vehicle components were found to be always more costly; however their use did lead to reduced costs for the consumer through lower fuel consumption. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2011

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Total Light Transmittance of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Laminates for Multifunctional Load-Bearing Structures

Julia De Castro San Roman Fest, Thomas Keller, Carlos Pascual Agullo, Andreas Schueler

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials are increasingly used in building construction for the design of multifunctional structures. These composite materials allow the integration of structural functions, building physics functions (mainly thermal insulation) and architectural functions (complex forms and color) in single large-scale building components. GFRP materials also allow the fabrication of translucent structural components with high degree of transparency when optically aligned resins and glass fibers are used, i.e. their refractive indices are identical. In this study the total light transmittance of hand lay-up GFRP laminates for building construction was investigated with a view to two architectural applications: translucent load-bearing structures and the encapsulation of photovoltaic (PV) cells into GFRP building skins of sandwich structures. Spectrophotometric experiments using an integrating sphere set-up were performed on unidirectional and cross-ply GFRP specimens in the range from 20% to 35% fiber volume fraction. Results were compared with the shortcircuit currents generated by amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV cells encapsulated in GFRP laminates exposed to artificial sunlight radiation. The total amount of fibers in the laminates was the major parameter influencing light transmittance, with fiber architecture having little effect. 83% of solar irradiance in the band of 300-800 nm reached the surface of a-Si PV cells encapsulated below structural GFRP laminates with a fiber reinforcement weight of 820 g/m2, demonstrating the feasibility of conceiving multifunctional GFRP structures.

EPFL Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB)2013

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