Regression dilutionRegression dilution, also known as regression attenuation, is the biasing of the linear regression slope towards zero (the underestimation of its absolute value), caused by errors in the independent variable. Consider fitting a straight line for the relationship of an outcome variable y to a predictor variable x, and estimating the slope of the line. Statistical variability, measurement error or random noise in the y variable causes uncertainty in the estimated slope, but not bias: on average, the procedure calculates the right slope.
Matériau absorbant les ondes émises par les radarsLes matériaux absorbants les ondes émises par les radars, aussi connu sous l'acronyme anglais de RAM pour Radar Absorbent Materials, sont des matériaux absorbant les ondes dans les longueurs d'onde centimétriques. Ils sont particulièrement utilisés dans la recherche de la furtivité. Les premiers usages de matériaux RAM sont contemporains de la naissance du radar. Ainsi, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l'avion britannique D.H. 98 Mosquito construit en grande partie en bois était mal détecté par les radars allemands.
Non-specific effect of vaccinesNon-specific effects of vaccines (also called "heterologous effects" or "off-target effects") are effects which go beyond the specific protective effects against the targeted diseases. Non-specific effects can be strongly beneficial by increasing protection against non-targeted infections. This has been shown with two live attenuated vaccines, BCG vaccine and measles vaccine, through multiple randomized controlled trials. Theoretically, non-specific effects of vaccines may be detrimental, increasing overall mortality despite providing protection against the target diseases.
