Minimal Supersymmetric Standard ModelThe Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is an extension to the Standard Model that realizes supersymmetry. MSSM is the minimal supersymmetrical model as it considers only "the [minimum] number of new particle states and new interactions consistent with "Reality". Supersymmetry pairs bosons with fermions, so every Standard Model particle has a superpartner yet undiscovered. If discovered, such superparticles could be candidates for dark matter, and could provide evidence for grand unification or the viability of string theory.
DilatonEn physique théorique, le dilaton désignait à l'origine un champ scalaire théorique (comme le photon réfère à un champ électromagnétique). Le dilaton apparaît dans la théorie de Kaluza-Klein et obéit à une équation ondulaire non homogène, généralisant l'équation de Klein-Gordon, avec un champ électromagnétique très fort comme source : De plus, dans la théorie des cordes, le dilaton est une particule d'un champ scalaire qui peut être vu comme la trace du graviton ; un champ scalaire (suivant l'équation Klein-Gordon) qui vient toujours avec la gravité.
Cosmological argumentA cosmological argument, in natural theology, is an argument which claims that the existence of God can be inferred from facts concerning causation, explanation, change, motion, contingency, dependency, or finitude with respect to the universe or some totality of objects. A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument, or prime mover argument.
Field equationIn theoretical physics and applied mathematics, a field equation is a partial differential equation which determines the dynamics of a physical field, specifically the time evolution and spatial distribution of the field. The solutions to the equation are mathematical functions which correspond directly to the field, as functions of time and space. Since the field equation is a partial differential equation, there are families of solutions which represent a variety of physical possibilities.
Kalam cosmological argumentThe Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic scholasticism) from which its key ideas originated. William Lane Craig was principally responsible for giving new life to the argument, due to his The Kalām Cosmological Argument (1979), among other writings. The argument's key underpinning idea is the metaphysical impossibility of actual infinities and of a temporally past-infinite universe, traced by Craig to 11th-century Persian Muslim scholastic philosopher Al-Ghazali.
Hélicité (physique des particules)vignette|Schéma de l'hélice. (R) droitier, (L) gaucher En physique des particules, l'hélicité est la projection du spin sur la direction de la quantité de mouvement (cette projection correspond donc à la composante suivant la direction de propagation) : hélicité = étant la direction de On dira d'une particule que son hélicité est droite (positive) ou gauche (négative) selon que son spin est orienté dans le même sens ou dans le sens opposé à son mouvement.
Minimal couplingIn analytical mechanics and quantum field theory, minimal coupling refers to a coupling between fields which involves only the charge distribution and not higher multipole moments of the charge distribution. This minimal coupling is in contrast to, for example, Pauli coupling, which includes the magnetic moment of an electron directly in the Lagrangian. In electrodynamics, minimal coupling is adequate to account for all electromagnetic interactions. Higher moments of particles are consequences of minimal coupling and non-zero spin.
