Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues are disruptions in the usual function of ecosystems. Further, these issues can be caused by humans (human impact on the environment) or they can be natural. These issues are considered serious when the ecosystem cannot recover in the present situation, and catastrophic if the ecosystem is projected to certainly collapse. Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment on the individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
Issues relating to biofuelsThere are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals. These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the "food vs fuel" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, effect on water resources, the possible modifications necessary to run the engine on biofuel, as well as energy balance and efficiency.
Bulle du carbonevignette|redresse=1.2|Représentation de la bulle du carbone : l'utilisation des réserves connues d'énergies fossiles émettrait de tonnes de Dioxyde de carbone (), alors que la limite de 565 milliards de tonnes ne devrait pas être franchie pour espérer limiter le réchauffement climatique à (Carbon Tracker Initiative, 2013). La bulle du carbone est une perte massive de la valeur des investissements dans les combustibles fossiles à la suite des accords et mesures, à l'échelle mondiale, visant à limiter le réchauffement climatique.
Peace and conflict studiesPeace and conflict studies or conflict analysis and resolution is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviors as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts (including social conflicts), with a view towards understanding those processes which lead to a more desirable human condition. A variation on this, peace studies (irenology), is an interdisciplinary effort aiming at the prevention, de-escalation, and solution of conflicts by peaceful means, thereby seeking "victory" for all parties involved in the conflict.
Photobioréacteurthumb|Bassin champ-de-course (Raceway pond) alt=Photobioréacteur Synoxis Algae|vignette|Photobioréacteur alt=Photobioréacteur Synoxis Algae|vignette|Photobioréacteur thumb|Photobioréacteur tubulaire thumb|Photobioréacteur à plaques alvéolaires en PMMA Un photobioréacteur est un système assurant la production de micro-organismes photosynthétiques en suspension dans l’eau, tels que les bactéries photosynthétiques, les cyanobactéries, les microalgues eucaryotes, les cellules isolées de plante pluricellulaires,
