In vivo quantification of neuro-glial metabolism and glial glutamate concentration using 1H-[13C] MRS at 14.1T
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Signals detected with functional brain imaging techniques are based on the coupling between neuronal activity and energy metabolism. Positron emission tomography signals detect blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose utilization associated with neuronal ...
With the development of functional brain imaging techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) it has become possible to visualize brain areas that are activated by a variety of sensory, motor or cog ...
Cytokines can be produced within the nervous system by various cell types, including astrocytes, which secrete them in response to pathological processes such as viral infections. Astrocytes are known to play an important role in the homeostasis of the ner ...
For decades glial cells were considered relatively passive supporters of nerve function. It was accepted that they had important roles to play in the structural, metabolic and trophic support of neurons; however, it is now also known that glial cells are a ...
Cultured mouse cortical astrocytes of the stellate type were studied by using the patch-clamp technique in whole-cell configuration. The astrocytes express at least two types of outwardly rectifying K+ channels which mediate a transient and a sustained cur ...
Despite striking advances in functional brain imaging, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the signals detected by these techniques are still largely unknown. The basic physiological principle of functional imaging is represented by the tig ...
VIP neurons are a homogeneous population of intracortical bipolar cells. They receive excitatory synapses from afferent circuits to the cortex and exert effects on neurons, astrocytes, and capillaries. Effects on the two latter cell types imply that VIP ne ...
The sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteic acid (HCA) is present in and released from nervous tissue, exerting excitatory effects on neurons by predominantly activating NMDA receptors. It is interesting that HCA appears to be exclusively localized in gli ...
