Performance engineeringPerformance engineering encompasses the techniques applied during a systems development life cycle to ensure the non-functional requirements for performance (such as throughput, latency, or memory usage) will be met. It may be alternatively referred to as systems performance engineering within systems engineering, and software performance engineering or application performance engineering within software engineering.
Interprocedural optimizationInterprocedural optimization (IPO) is a collection of compiler techniques used in computer programming to improve performance in programs containing many frequently used functions of small or medium length. IPO differs from other compiler optimizations by analyzing the entire program as opposed to a single function or block of code. IPO seeks to reduce or eliminate duplicate calculations and inefficient use of memory and to simplify iterative sequences such as loops.
Théorie des langages de programmationvignette|La lettre grecque minuscule λ (lambda) est un symbole non officiel de la théorie des langages de programmation. Cet usage dérive du lambda-calcul, un modèle de calcul introduit par Alonzo Church dans les années 1930 et largement utilisé par les chercheurs en langage de programmation. Il orne la couverture du texte classique Structure et interprétation des programmes informatiques, et apparaît dans le titre des fameux Lambda Papers de 1975 à 1980, écrits par Gerald Jay Sussman et Guy Steele, les développeurs du langage de programmation Scheme.
Interprète (informatique)En informatique, un interprète, ou interpréteur , est un outil dont la tâche est d'analyser, de traduire et d'exécuter les programmes écrits dans un langage informatique. On qualifie parfois, , les langages dont les programmes sont généralement exécutés par un interprète de langages interprétés. Un interprète se distingue d’un compilateur par le fait qu’il effectue l’analyse et la traduction nécessaires à l'exécution d’un programme donné non pas une fois pour toutes, mais à chaque exécution de ce programme.
Database modelA database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database. It fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated. The most popular example of a database model is the relational model, which uses a table-based format. Common logical data models for databases include: Hierarchical database model This is the oldest form of database model. It was developed by IBM for IMS (information Management System), and is a set of organized data in tree structure.
Object code optimizerAn object code optimizer, sometimes also known as a post pass optimizer or, for small sections of code, peephole optimizer, forms part of a software compiler. It takes the output from the source language compile step - the object code or - and tries to replace identifiable sections of the code with replacement code that is more algorithmically efficient (usually improved speed). The earliest "COBOL Optimizer" was developed by Capex Corporation in the mid 1970s for COBOL.
AssembleurUn langage d'assemblage ou langage assembleur est, en programmation informatique, le langage de plus bas niveau qui représente le langage machine sous une forme lisible par un humain. Les combinaisons de bits du langage machine sont représentées par des symboles dits « mnémoniques », c'est-à-dire faciles à retenir. Le programme assembleur convertit ces mnémoniques en langage machine, ainsi que les valeurs (écrites en décimal) en binaire et les libellés d'emplacements en adresses, en vue de créer par exemple un fichier objet ou un fichier exécutable.
Second-generation programming languageThe label of second-generation programming language (2GL) is a generational way to categorize assembly languages. The term was coined to provide a distinction from higher level machine independent third-generation programming languages (3GLs) (such as COBOL, C, or JavaScript) and earlier first-generation programming languages (machine code) Second-generation programming languages have the following properties: Lines within a program correspond directly to processor commands, essentially acting as a mnemonic device overlaying a first generation programming language.
Third-generation programming languageA third-generation programming language (3GL) is a high-level computer programming language that tends to be more machine-independent and programmer-friendly than the machine code of the first-generation and assembly languages of the second-generation, while having a less specific focus to the fourth and fifth generations. Examples of common and historical third-generation programming languages are ALGOL, BASIC, C, COBOL, Fortran, Java, and Pascal. 3GLs are much more machine-independent and more programmer-friendly.
First-generation programming languageA first-generation programming language (1GL) is a machine-level programming language. A first generation (programming) language (1GL) is a grouping of programming languages that are machine level languages used to program first-generation computers. Originally, no translator was used to compile or assemble the first-generation language. The first-generation programming instructions were entered through the front panel switches of the computer system. The instructions in 1GL are made of binary numbers, represented by 1s and 0s.
