Canal ioniqueUn canal ionique est une protéine membranaire qui permet le passage à grande vitesse d'un ou plusieurs ions. Il existe de nombreux types de canaux ioniques. Ils peuvent être sélectivement perméables à un ion tel que le sodium, le calcium, le potassium ou l'ion chlorure, ou bien à plusieurs ions à la fois. Les canaux ioniques sont présents dans la membrane de toutes les cellules. Ils ont un rôle central dans la physiologie des cellules excitables comme les neurones ou les cellules musculaires et cardiaques.
Glial scarA glial scar formation (gliosis) is a reactive cellular process involving astrogliosis that occurs after injury to the central nervous system. As with scarring in other organs and tissues, the glial scar is the body's mechanism to protect and begin the healing process in the nervous system. In the context of neurodegeneration, formation of the glial scar has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects.
Context-dependent memoryIn psychology, context-dependent memory is the improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. In a simpler manner, "when events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual information". One particularly common example of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has lost an item (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location.
BK channelBK channels (big potassium), are large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, also known as Maxi-K, slo1, or Kca1.1. BK channels are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, hence their name, big potassium. These channels can be activated (opened) by either electrical means, or by increasing Ca2+ concentrations in the cell. BK channels help regulate physiological processes, such as circadian behavioral rhythms and neuronal excitability.
Neuromyélite optiqueLa neuromyélite optique, aussi connue comme la « maladie de Devic », la « sclérose optique-spinale », la « leuconévraxite amaurotique » ou la « neuropticomyélite », est un syndrome associant une atteinte du nerf optique et de la moelle épinière. C'est une maladie auto-immune longtemps confondue avec une forme particulière de sclérose en plaques et que l'on sait à présent être due à la présence d'auto-anticorps anti-aquaporine 4 ou 'anti-MOG. Il associe une névrite optique aiguë et une myélite aiguë transverse.
CochleaThe cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth, in humans making 2.75 turns around its axis, the modiolus. A core component of the cochlea is the Organ of Corti, the sensory organ of hearing, which is distributed along the partition separating the fluid chambers in the coiled tapered tube of the cochlea. The name cochlea derives . The cochlea (: cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window) to the apex (the top or center of the spiral).
