Concentration molaireLa concentration molaire ou molarité, ou parfois taux molaire, d'une espèce chimique est sa quantité rapportée au volume total du mélange qui contient cette espèce. Elle est exprimée en moles par unité de volume. Cette notion est essentiellement utilisée pour des espèces en solution. La concentration molaire d'un soluté est notée ou .
Progrès techniqueLe progrès technique est l’amélioration des techniques, y compris organisationnelles, qui sont utilisées dans le processus de production des biens et des services. Le développement des « nouvelles technologies » est tel que l'on parle de progrès technique. Le concept de progrès technique est toutefois controversé dans les milieux écologistes en raison de certains effets négatifs sur l'environnement du développement technologique tel qu'il s'opère depuis la révolution industrielle.
AccrualIn finance, an accrual (accumulation) of something is the adding together of interest or different investments over a period of time. For example, a company delivers a product to a customer who will pay for it 30 days later in the next fiscal year, which starts a week after the delivery. The company recognizes the proceeds as a revenue in its current income statement still for the fiscal year of the delivery, even though it will not get paid until the following accounting period.
Mesure aléatoireEn théorie des probabilités, une mesure aléatoire est une détermination de mesure d'un élément aléatoire. Soit X un espace métrique séparable complet et la tribu de son ensemble de Borel. Une mesure de Borel μ sur X est finie si μ (A) < ∞ pour chaque ensemble A borélien limité. Soit l'espace de toutes les mesures finies sur . Soit un espace probabilisé. Alors, une mesure aléatoire des cartes de cet espace de probabilité à l'espace mesurable .
Basis of accountingA basis of accounting is the time various financial transactions are recorded. The cash basis (EU VAT vocabulary cash accounting) and the accrual basis are the two primary methods of tracking income and expenses in accounting. Both can be used in a range of situations, from the accounts of a whole country or a large corporation to those of a small business or an individual. In many cases, regulatory bodies require individuals, businesses or corporations to use one method or the other.
Dominance (economics)Market dominance is the control of a economic market by a firm. A dominant firm possesses the power to affect competition and influence market price. A firms' dominance is a measure of the power of a brand, product, service, or firm, relative to competitive offerings, whereby a dominant firm can behave independent of their competitors or consumers, and without concern for resource allocation. Dominant positioning is both a legal concept and an economic concept and the distinction between the two is important when determining whether a firm's market position is dominant.
Competitor analysisCompetitive analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Profiling combines all of the relevant sources of competitor analysis into one framework in the support of efficient and effective strategy formulation, implementation, monitoring and adjustment. Competitive analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy.
Modèle déposéIn the United States, a design patent is a form of legal protection granted to the ornamental design of an article of manufacture. Design patents are a type of industrial design right. Ornamental designs of jewelry, furniture, beverage containers (Fig. 1) and computer icons are examples of objects that are covered by design patents. A similar intellectual property right, a registered design, can be obtained in other countries. In Kenya, Japan, South Korea and Hungary, industrial designs are registered after performing an official novelty search.
Technological evolutionThe term "technological evolution" captures explanations of technological change that draw on mechanisms from evolutionary biology. Evolutionary biology has one of its roots in the book “On the origin of species” by Charles Darwin. In the style of this catchphrase, technological evolution might describe the origin of new technologies. The combinatoric theory of technological change states that every technology always consists of simpler technologies and a new technology is made of already existing technologies.
Adjusting entriesIn accounting/accountancy, adjusting entries are journal entries usually made at the end of an accounting period to allocate income and expenditure to the period in which they actually occurred. The revenue recognition principle is the basis of making adjusting entries that pertain to unearned and accrued revenues under accrual-basis accounting. They are sometimes called Balance Day adjustments because they are made on balance day. Based on the matching principle of accrual accounting, revenues and associated costs are recognized in the same accounting period.
