Lipideredresse=1.33|vignette|Phosphatidylcholine, un phosphoglycéride constitué d'un résidu glycérol (en noir) estérifié par la phosphocholine (en rouge), l'acide palmitique (en bleu) et l'acide oléique (en vert). redresse=1.33|vignette|Représentation schématique de la « tête polaire » 1 et des « queues apolaires » 2 de molécules amphiphiles de phosphoglycérides. redresse=1.33|vignette|Les phospholipides peuvent s'auto-assembler en milieu aqueux pour former des liposomes, des micelles ou des bicouches lipidiques.
Lipid polymorphismPolymorphism in biophysics is the ability of lipids to aggregate in a variety of ways, giving rise to structures of different shapes, known as "phases". This can be in the form of spheres of lipid molecules (micelles), pairs of layers that face one another (lamellar phase, observed in biological systems as a lipid bilayer), a tubular arrangement (hexagonal), or various cubic phases (Fdm, Imm, Iam, Pnm, and Pmm being those discovered so far). More complicated aggregations have also been observed, such as rhombohedral, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases.
MicrogoutteA protocell (or protobiont) is a self-organized, endogenously ordered, spherical collection of lipids proposed as a stepping stone toward the origin of life. A central question in evolution is how simple protocells first arose and how they could differ in reproductive output, thus enabling the accumulation of novel biological emergences over time, i.e. biological evolution. Although a functional protocell has not yet been achieved in a laboratory setting, the goal to understand the process appears well within reach.
