Fish scaleA fish scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of the skin of a fish. The skin of most jawed fishes is covered with these protective scales, which can also provide effective camouflage through the use of reflection and colouration, as well as possible hydrodynamic advantages. The term scale derives from the Old French escale, meaning a shell pod or husk. Scales vary enormously in size, shape, structure, and extent, ranging from strong and rigid armour plates in fishes such as shrimpfishes and boxfishes, to microscopic or absent in fishes such as eels and anglerfishes.
NanotechnologieLes nanosciences et nanotechnologies (d’après le grec , « nain »), ou NST, peuvent être définies au minimum comme l’ensemble des études et des procédés de fabrication et de manipulation de structures (physiques, chimiques ou biologiques), de dispositifs et de systèmes matériels à l’échelle du nanomètre (nm), qui est l'unité la plus proche de la distance entre deux atomes. Les NST présentent plusieurs acceptions liées à la nature transversale de cette jeune discipline.
Hypertrophic scarA hypertrophic scar is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids. Like keloids, they form most often at the sites of pimples, body piercings, cuts and burns. They often contain nerves and blood vessels. They generally develop after thermal or traumatic injury that involves the deep layers of the dermis and express high levels of TGF-β. Mechanical tension on a wound has been identified as a leading cause for hypertrophic scar formation.
Artificial skinArtificial skin is a collagen scaffold that induces regeneration of skin in mammals such as humans. The term was used in the late 1970s and early 1980s to describe a new treatment for massive burns. It was later discovered that treatment of deep skin wounds in adult animals and humans with this scaffold induces regeneration of the dermis. It has been developed commercially under the name Integra and is used in massively burned patients, during plastic surgery of the skin, and in treatment of chronic skin wounds.
Agar-agarL'agar-agar (mot d'origine indonésienne-malaise, référencé E406 dans la liste des additifs alimentaires) est un produit gélifiant, dont la découverte faite au Japon en 1658 par Minoya Tarozaemon est souvent attribuée à tort à Fanny et Walther Hesse, ces derniers ayant découvert en 1881 son utilité comme milieu de culture en microbiologie. Il est appelé kanten au Japon où il est utilisé dans certaines pâtisseries traditionnelles comme les yōkan, ou sous forme de tokoroten.
VergetureLes vergetures ou stries également nommées striae distensae dans le langage scientifique, sont des sortes de petites fissures rouge violacé ou blanchâtres semblables à des cicatrices molles formées sur la peau. Elles se montrent généralement au niveau du ventre, des hanches, des cuisses, des fesses ou des seins. C'est lorsque la peau est soumise à une distension exagérée par une accumulation de masse graisseuse ou par atrophie de son réseau élastique qu'elles apparaissent.
Electrodesiccation and curettageElectrodesiccation and curettage (EDC, ED & C, or ED+C) is a medical procedure commonly performed by dermatologists, surgeons and general practitioners for the treatment of basal cell cancers and squamous cell cancers of the skin. It provides desiccation, coagulation/cauterization, and curettage to remove lesions from the skin. A round dull instrument (curette) of varying sizes (1 mm to 6 mm) is used to scrape off the cancer down to the dermis. The scraping is then paused while an electrosurgical device like a hyfrecator is used next.
