Technologies for the treatment of source-separated urine in the eThekwini Municipality
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The process of anaerobic digestion is a common application in the treatment of industrial and communal wastewater treatment plants. The biochemical reactions taking place inside the fermenter can be described by a system of first order differential equatio ...
Through nutrient recovery by urine separation, the VUNA project aims to develop an effective sanitation system that simultaneously helps address important issues such as environmental pollution and water scarcity. Refinement of the nutrient recovery proces ...
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) has recently made its proofs as full-scale technology for the biological treatment of urban wastewater. In contrast to conventional flocculent activated sludge, microorganisms aggregate to de ...
Biological wastewater treatment by aerobic granular sludge biofilms offers the possibility to combine carbon (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal in a single reactor. Since denitrification can be affected by suboptimal dissolved oxygen concentrat ...
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are persistent micropollutants in wastewater, which come mainly from hospital activities. Currently, there is no efficient method of treatment for this class of compounds, which leads to their increased presence in surf ...
Human urine has the potential to be a sustainable, locally and continuously available source of nutrients for agriculture. Phosphate can be efficiently recovered from human urine in the form of the mineral struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O). However, struvite format ...
Urine source separation (NoMix technology) is a promising innovation in wastewater management. To improve and further develop NoMix technology, it has been implemented in four Swiss households and at our research institute (Eawag). We conducted measurement ...
Recent studies have shown that electrolysis can be an efficient process for nitrogen removal from urine. These studies have been conducted with urea solutions or fresh urine, but urine collected in NoMix toilets and urinals has a substantially different co ...
Bench-scale, semibatch experiments were performed to examine physical-chemical constraints on ozone (O-3) absorption and micropollutant oxidation during ozonation of source-separated hydrolyzed urine and the concentrate and diluate streams produced via ele ...
Aerobic granular sludge is a promising alternative to traditional activated sludge basins in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Granular sludge has much better settling characteristics than activated sludge. Furthermore it can remove carbon, nitrogen and ...
