Hydration and dimensional stability of calcium aluminate cement based systems
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Depending on the environmental conditions, concrete materials can come into contact with sulfate ions which are widely present in rivers, underground water, sewers, seawater and soil. Sulfates can react with the cement paste in concrete and cause damage wh ...
This chapter tells the story of Portland cement, from its invention in the tured mineral product. The success story of Portland cement is rooted in the unique combination of the abundance of its raw materials, the reactivity of the high-temperature clinker ...
Producing limestone powder requires comparably far less energy than the production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), making it a promising sustainable solution for partial replacement of OPC in concrete. Lower production energy could be translated into lo ...
The calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) are without doubt one of the most important hydration products in a hardened cement paste. Giving the complexity of the microstructure that forms by hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the more recently use ...
The mechanisms of external sulfate attack on cement mortars containing nano silica have been studied under full immersion conditions after 3 years. The sulfate degradation processes were compared between sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate solutions with ...
Understanding the mechanism controlling the sulfate requirement of blended cements is crucial for a successful deployment of these technologies towards a more sustainable industry. Particularly, clarification regarding the role of alumina content on the su ...
The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widely considered the most promis-ing approach to reduce CO2 emissions relative to cement production. SCMs are not commonly present in binders used for special applications. On the other hand, due t ...
Limestone calcined clay cements (LC3) are blended cements that combine clinker, limestone, calcined clay and gypsum. The availability of the materials required to produce LC3 and the good performance that it achieves, makes LC3 suitable as a sustainable re ...
Partial replacement of clinker with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is an effective approach to reduce CO2 emissions related to cement production. However, there is a maximum substitution level with SCMs beyond which strength decreases. The und ...
This paper examines the possibility of the use of some clays calcined from Nigeria as partial substitutes for clinker in the production of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3). The clays were calcined in the oven at a temperature of 800 degrees C and for o ...