Colonne corticalevignette|Reconstruction 3D de cinq colonnes corticales dans le cortex vibratoire du rat Une colonne corticale est un groupe de neurones situés dans le cortex cérébral dont les champs de réception sont identiques. D’ailleurs, si on introduit une microélectrode perpendiculairement à travers les différentes couches du cortex visuel, on ne rencontrera par exemple que des neurones qui ont la même préférence d’orientation, qu’ils aient des champs récepteurs simples ou complexes. Il s'agit dans cet exemple d'une colonne d'orientation.
Urgences psychiatriquesEmergency psychiatry is the clinical application of psychiatry in emergency settings. Conditions requiring psychiatric interventions may include attempted suicide, substance abuse, depression, psychosis, violence or other rapid changes in behavior. Psychiatric emergency services are rendered by professionals in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology and social work. The demand for emergency psychiatric services has rapidly increased throughout the world since the 1960s, especially in urban areas.
HumeurL'humeur est un état d'âme persistant. Elle diffère des émotions en ceci qu'elle est moins spécifique et moins influencée par des événements récents, même si des émotions telles que la peur et la surprise sont des sentiments parfois sévères et pouvant durer des heures, voire des jours. L'humeur peut avoir une connotation positive ou négative. Dans le langage courant on parle de « bonne » humeur ou de « mauvaise » humeur. L'humeur est une question de tempérament et de traits de caractère ; elle se manifeste donc à long terme.
Community reinforcement approach and family trainingCommunity reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) is a behavior therapy approach in psychotherapy for treating addiction developed by Robert J. Meyers in the late 1970s. Meyers worked with Nathan Azrin in the early 1970s whilst he was developing his own community reinforcement approach (CRA) which uses operant conditioning (also called contingency management) techniques to help people learn to reduce the power of their addictions and enjoy healthy living.
Advertising managementAdvertising management is a planned managerial process designed to oversee and control the various advertising activities involved in a program to communicate with a firm's target market and which is ultimately designed to influence the consumer's purchase decisions. Advertising is just one element in a company's promotional mix and as such, must be integrated with the overall marketing communications program. Advertising is, however, the most expensive of all the promotional elements and therefore must be managed with care and accountability.
Marketing effectivenessMarketing effectiveness is the measure of how effective a given marketer's go to market strategy is toward meeting the goal of maximizing their spending to achieve positive results in both the short- and long-term. It is also related to marketing ROI and return on marketing investment (ROMI). Marketing expert Tony Lennon believes marketing effectiveness is quintessential to marketing, going so far as to say It's not marketing if it's not measured.
