Publication
No DDRama at chromosome ends: TRF2 takes centre stage
Résumé
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures capping the natural termini of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. Telomeres possess an inherent ability to circumvent the activation of a full-blown DNA damage response (DDR), and hence fusion reactions, by limiting inappropriate double-strand break (DSB) repair and processing activities at eukaryotic chromosome ends. A telomere-specific protein complex, termed shelterin, has a crucial function in safeguarding and securing telomere integrity. Within this complex, TRF2 has emerged as the key player, dictating different states of telomere protection during the replicative lifespan of a cell. How TRF2 prevents activation of DSB repair activities at functional telomeres has now been extensively investigated. In this review we aim at exploring the complex and multifaceted mechanisms underlying the TRF2-mediated protection of eukaryotic chromosome ends.
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Proximité ontologique
Concepts associés (31)
Télomère
Un télomère est une région hautement répétitive, donc a priori non codante, d'ADN à l'extrémité d'un chromosome. À chaque fois qu'un chromosome en bâtonnet d'un eucaryote est répliqué, lors de la réplication, qui précède la mitose (division cellulaire), le complexe enzymatique de l'ADN polymérase s'avère incapable de copier les derniers nucléotides : l'absence de télomère signifierait la perte rapide d'informations génétiques nécessaires au fonctionnement cellulaire.
Cellular senescence
Cellular senescence is a phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division. In their experiments during the early 1960s, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead found that normal human fetal fibroblasts in culture reach a maximum of approximately 50 cell population doublings before becoming senescent. This process is known as "replicative senescence", or the Hayflick limit. Hayflick's discovery of mortal cells paved the path for the discovery and understanding of cellular aging molecular pathways.
Télomérase
La télomérase est une ADN polymérase ARN dépendante qui, lors de la réplication de l'ADN chez les eucaryotes, permet de conserver la longueur du chromosome en ajoutant une structure spécifique à chaque extrémité : le télomère (du grec τέλος, extrémité ou fin). Bien que composé de désoxyribonucléotides comme le reste du chromosome, le télomère est synthétisé suivant un mode différent de la réplication classique de l'ADN. Les télomérases sont des ribonucléoprotéines (assemblage d'ARN et de protéines) qui catalysent l'addition d'une séquence répétée spécifique à l'extrémité des chromosomes.
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