NMDA receptor antagonistNMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are commonly used as anesthetics for animals and humans; the state of anesthesia they induce is referred to as dissociative anesthesia. Several synthetic opioids function additionally as NMDAR-antagonists, such as pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, tramadol and ketobemidone.
Radial glial cellRadial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Their cell bodies (somata) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies next to the developing ventricular system. During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds, traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations.
GliotransmitterGliotransmitters are chemicals released from glial cells that facilitate neuronal communication between neurons and other glial cells. They are usually induced from Ca2+ signaling, although recent research has questioned the role of Ca2+ in gliotransmitters and may require a revision of the relevance of gliotransmitters in neuronal signalling in general. While gliotransmitters can be released from any glial cell, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, they are primarily released from astrocytes.
CytoarchitectonieLa cytoarchitectonie (du grec ancien κύτος « cellule » et αρχιτεκτονική « architecture ») ou cytoarchitecture désigne la composition cellulaire d'un tissu biologique, c'est-à-dire l'étude au sein d'un tissu ou d'un organe donné de la répartition des différents types de cellules qui le composent, leur nombre et leur distribution spatiale. Le terme désigne aussi la branche de l'histologie qui se consacre à cette étude, dont les principaux outils sont le microscope et les colorants qui permettent de mettre en évidence la nature, l'arrangement ou la distribution des cellules dans le tissu considéré.
