Force électromagnétiquevignette|Force de Lorentz agissant sur des particules chargées se déplaçant rapidement dans une chambre à bulles. Les trajectoires de charge positive et négative se courbent dans des directions opposées.La force électromagnétique ou force de Lorentz est la force subie par une particule chargée dans un champ électromagnétique. C'est la principale manifestation de l'interaction électromagnétique. Cette force, appliquée dans diverses situations, induit l'ensemble des interactions électriques et magnétiques observées ; elle est de ce fait principalement étudiée en physique et en chimie.
Conformation éclipséeIn chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. Such a conformation can exist in any open chain, single chemical bond connecting two sp3-hybridised atoms, and it is normally a conformational energy maximum. This maximum is often explained by steric hindrance, but its origins sometimes actually lie in hyperconjugation (as when the eclipsing interaction is of two hydrogen atoms).
Shell higher olefin processThe Shell higher olefin process (SHOP) is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis invented and exploited by Royal Dutch Shell. The olefin products are converted to fatty aldehydes and then to fatty alcohols, which are precursors plasticizers and detergents. The annual global production of olefines through this method is over one million tonnes. The process was discovered by chemists at Shell Development Emeryville in 1968.
Name resolution (programming languages)In programming languages, name resolution is the resolution of the tokens within program expressions to the intended program components. Expressions in computer programs reference variables, data types, functions, classes, objects, libraries, packages and other entities by name. In that context, name resolution refers to the association of those not-necessarily-unique names with the intended program entities. The algorithms that determine what those identifiers refer to in specific contexts are part of the language definition.
