Hors réseauLe hors réseau (en anglais off-the-grid) est un système et un mode de vie conçus pour aider les gens à fonctionner sans le soutien d'une infrastructure à distance. Les maisons hors réseau visent à atteindre l'autonomie ou l'autosuffisance ; elles ne dépendent pas d'un ou de plusieurs services publics d'approvisionnement en eau, d'égout, de gaz, d'électricité ou de services publics similaires. Les personnes qui adoptent ce mode de vie, sont appelés « off-gridders ». Lorsqu'on parle de hors réseau, on fait souvent référence au réseau électrique.
Cost of electricity by sourceDifferent methods of electricity generation can incur a variety of different costs, which can be divided into three general categories: 1) wholesale costs, or all costs paid by utilities associated with acquiring and distributing electricity to consumers, 2) retail costs paid by consumers, and 3) external costs, or externalities, imposed on society. Wholesale costs include initial capital, operations & maintenance (O&M), transmission, and costs of decommissioning.
PricingPricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan. In setting prices, the business will take into account the price at which it could acquire the goods, the manufacturing cost, the marketplace, competition, market condition, brand, and quality of product. Pricing is a fundamental aspect of product management and is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix, the other three aspects being product, promotion, and place.
Super gridA super grid or supergrid is a wide-area transmission network, generally trans-continental or multinational, that is intended to make possible the trade of high volumes of electricity across great distances. It is sometimes also referred to as a "mega grid". Super grids typically are proposed to use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) to transmit electricity long distances. The latest generation of HVDC power lines can transmit energy with losses of only 1.6% per 1,000 km.
Price fixingPrice fixing is an anticompetitive agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given level by controlling supply and demand. The intent of price fixing may be to push the price of a product as high as possible, generally leading to profits for all sellers but may also have the goal to fix, peg, discount, or stabilize prices.
Marché pétroliervignette|Prix du pétrole en dollars de 1861 à 2015 (1861-1944 : brut américain moyen, 1945-1983 : brut « Arabian Light », 1984-2015 : Brent). Courbe rouge : prix corrigés de l'inflation ; bleue : prix non actualisés. Le marché pétrolier est le lieu où se rencontrent l'offre et la demande de pétrole et de produits pétroliers. C'est sur ce marché que se forment le prix du baril de pétrole brut et ceux de ses divers dérivés. Le prix du baril dépend de son degré, déterminé par des facteurs tels que sa densité API ou sa quantité de sulfure, de sa localisation et du jeu de l'offre et de la demande.
Real prices and ideal pricesThe distinction between real prices and ideal prices is a distinction between actual prices paid for products, services, assets and labour (the net amount of money that actually changes hands), and computed prices which are not actually charged or paid in market trade, although they may facilitate trade. The difference is between actual prices paid, and information about possible, potential or likely prices, or "average" price levels.
Price ceilingA price ceiling is a government- or group-imposed price control, or limit, on how high a price is charged for a product, commodity, or service. Governments use price ceilings to protect consumers from conditions that could make commodities prohibitively expensive. Such conditions can occur during periods of high inflation, in the event of an investment bubble, or in the event of monopoly ownership of a product, all of which can cause problems if imposed for a long period without controlled rationing, leading to shortages.
Coût moyenLe coût moyen est le coût total divisé par le nombre d'unités ou de personnes concernées par ce coût. Le coût moyen permet de déterminer une zone de bénéfice pour l'activité de l'organisation. Le coût total moyen CTM est donc le rapport entre le coût total et la quantité produite tel que : . Par exemple, le coût moyen de la production d’une voiture, lorsqu'on produit cent () voitures pour (), est de : en effet, . Coût moyen pondéré du capital Coût moyen incrémental de long terme Coût marginal Prix Moyen Ca
Food pricesFood prices refer to the average price level for food across countries, regions and on a global scale. Food prices affect producers and consumers of food. Price levels depend on the food production process, including food marketing and food distribution. Fluctuation in food prices is determined by a number of compounding factors. Geopolitical events, global demand, exchange rates, government policy, diseases and crop yield, energy costs, availability of natural resources for agriculture, food speculation, changes in the use of soil and weather events directly affect food prices.
