Saline water_Salt water Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) and parts per million (ppm). The USGS salinity scale defines three levels of saline water. The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.
Métabolisme acido-basiqueLe métabolisme acido-basique est la partie du métabolisme régulant l'acidité du sang, le pH sanguin devant demeurer entre des limites physiologiques très étroites, 7,38 et 7,42. On parle d'acidose au-dessous de 7,38 et d'alcalose au-dessus de 7,42, toutes deux pouvant être d'origine métabolique ou bien respiratoire. Équilibre acido-basique Les sources acides ou basiques sont nombreuses, particulièrement pour les acides qui sont tirés des aliments et le métabolisme interne (respiration cellulaire : le dioxyde de carbone est un acide qui se combine avec l'eau).
Bicarbonate buffer systemThe bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H2CO3), bicarbonate ion (HCO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum, among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which in turn rapidly dissociates to form a bicarbonate ion (HCO ) and a hydrogen ion (H+) as shown in the following reaction: As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both a weak acid (for example, H2CO3) and its conjugate base (for example, HCO) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized.
