Transition épithélio-mésenchymateuseUne transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (TEM) désigne le passage d'un groupe de cellules épithéliales à une forme mésenchymateuse. Ce phénomène peut être réversible, les cellules subissant la Transition Mésenchymo-Épithéliale (TME). Les cellules en TEM perdent leur adhésion cellule-cellule (par une diminution de l'expression des cadhérines) et acquièrent des propriétés adhésives nouvelles vis-à-vis de la matrice extracellulaire (par l'expression d'un nouveau répertoire d'intégrines).
Stromal cellStromal cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells, are differentiating cells found in abundance within bone marrow but can also be seen all around the body. Stromal cells can become connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, lymph node and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. The most common stromal cells include fibroblasts and pericytes. The term stromal comes from Latin stromat-, "bed covering", and Ancient Greek στρῶμα, , "bed".
Evolution of ageingEnquiry into the evolution of ageing, or aging, aims to explain why a detrimental process such as ageing would evolve, and why there is so much variability in the lifespans of organisms. The classical theories of evolution (mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma) suggest that environmental factors, such as predation, accidents, disease, and/or starvation, ensure that most organisms living in natural settings will not live until old age, and so there will be very little pressure to conserve genetic changes that increase longevity.
Transcription factor JunTranscription factor Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene. c-jun was the first oncogenic transcription factor discovered. The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun (). The viral homolog v-jun was discovered in avian sarcoma virus 17 and was named for ju-nana, the Japanese word for 17.
P21p21Cip1 (ou p21Waf1), également connue sous le nom de cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 ou CDK-interacting protein 1est une protéine inhibitrice des CDK. Elle est connue pour inhiber les complexes CDK2 et CDK4 et permettre ainsi l'arrêt du cycle cellulaire. La protéine p53 est notamment connue pour être un régulateur de p21. p21 permet également l'importation du complexe CDK4/6-CyclineD1 dans le noyau grâce à sa séquence NLS. La protéine p21 est codée par le gène CDKN1A, localisé sur le chromosome 6 humain.
Muguet buccalvignette|Candidose buccale provoquée par le champignon Candida albicans. Le nom de muguet buccal est actuellement réservé aux candidoses oropharyngiennes qui sont les localisations cliniques de loin les plus fréquentes étant donné le territoire préférentiel des levures commensales.
Stomatite aphteuseAphthous stomatitis, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals. The informal term canker sore is also used, mainly in North America, although it may also refer to other types of mouth ulcers.
