Synchrotron light sourceA synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes. First observed in synchrotrons, synchrotron light is now produced by storage rings and other specialized particle accelerators, typically accelerating electrons. Once the high-energy electron beam has been generated, it is directed into auxiliary components such as bending magnets and insertion devices (undulators or wigglers) in storage rings and free electron lasers.
WaveguideA waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as sound (acoustic waveguide), light (optical waveguide), radio waves (radio-frequency waveguide) or other electromagnetic waves, with minimal loss of energy by restricting the transmission of energy to one direction. Without the physical constraint of a waveguide, wave intensities decrease according to the inverse square law as they expand into three-dimensional space. There are different types of waveguides for different types of waves.
Machine de Turing universellevignette|upright=1.5|Une machine de Turing quelconque M réalise un calcul à partir d'une entrée écrite sur son ruban. Une machine de Turing universelle U simule le calcul de M sur l'entrée de M à partir d'une description de M et de l'entrée de M écrits sur le ruban de U. En informatique, plus précisément en informatique théorique, une machine de Turing universelle est une machine de Turing qui peut simuler n'importe quelle machine de Turing sur n'importe quelle entrée.
Manifold vacuumManifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in an internal combustion engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere. Manifold vacuum is an effect of a piston's movement on the induction stroke and the choked flow through a throttle in the intake manifold of an engine. It is a measure of the amount of restriction of airflow through the engine, and hence of the unused power capacity in the engine.
