Génome mitochondrialLes mitochondries sont des organites présents dans la grande majorité des cellules eucaryotes qui seraient issues de l'endosymbiose d'une alpha-protéobactérie, il y a environ deux milliards d'années (théorie endosymbiotique). Au cours de l'évolution, les mitochondries ont conservé leur propre génome, qui, bien que très réduit par rapport à celui d'une bactérie, est essentiel au bon fonctionnement de ces organites. Confiné à l'intérieur des mitochondries, organites qui produisent l'énergie cellulaire, le génome mitochondrial (ADNmt) est distinct de l'ADN contenu dans le noyau.
Self-replicationSelf-replication is any behavior of a dynamical system that yields construction of an identical or similar copy of itself. Biological cells, given suitable environments, reproduce by cell division. During cell division, DNA is replicated and can be transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Biological viruses can replicate, but only by commandeering the reproductive machinery of cells through a process of infection. Harmful prion proteins can replicate by converting normal proteins into rogue forms.
Telomerase reverse transcriptaseTelomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex. Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases. Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells.
