The 8-Pyrrole-Benzothiazinones Are Noncovalent Inhibitors of DprE1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

8-Nitro-benzothiazinones (BTZs), such as BTZ043 and PBTZ169, inhibit decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-D-ribose 2'-oxidase (DprE1) and display nanomolar bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed the 8-nitro group of the BTZ scaffold to be crucial for the mechanism of action, which involves formation of a semimercaptal bond with Cys387 in the active site of DprE1. To date, substitution of the 8-nitro group has led to extensive loss of antimycobacterial activity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of the pyrrole-benzothiazinones PyrBTZ01 and PyrBTZ02, non-nitro-benzothiazinones that retain significant antimycobacterial activity, with MICs of 0.16 mu g/ml against M. tuberculosis. These compounds inhibit DprE1 with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of

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Stewart Cole, Trent Michael Conroy, Joao Pedro De Almeida Neres, Ruben Hartkoorn, Gaëlle Séraphine Kolly, Jérémie Piton, Anthony Vocat
American Society for Microbiology, 2015
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/213880?ln=fr

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis – aussi nommée bacille de Koch (BK) en référence à son découvreur Robert Koch – est une espèce de bacille de la famille des Mycobacteriaceae. Sa structure la rapproche des b

Tuberculose

La tuberculose est une maladie infectieuse causée par la bactérie Mycobacterium tuberculosis, qui se transmet par voie aérienne, avec des signes cliniques variables. Elle touche le plus souvent les

Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium, la Mycobactérie, est un genre de bactéries de la famille des Mycobacteriaceae. Ce sont des bacilles aérobies assez longs et fins, asporulés et acapsulés. Leur paroi présente une struct

Sigma Factor F does not Prevent Rifampin Inhibition of RNA Polymerase or Cause Rifampin Tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Jeffrey Chen, Stewart Cole, Ruben Hartkoorn, Sophie Magnet, Florence Pojer, Claudia Sala

The tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a major reason for the lengthy therapy needed to treat a tuberculosis infection. Rifampin is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase (RNAP) in vivo, but has been shown to be less effective against stationary phase bacteria. Sigma factor F is associated with bacteria entering stationary phase and has been proposed to impact rifampin activity. Here we investigate whether RNAP containing SigF is more resistant to rifampin inhibition in vitro, and whether over-expression of sigF renders M. tuberculosis more tolerant to rifampin. Real-time and radiometric in vitro transcription assays revealed that rifampin equally inhibits transcription by RNAP containing sigma factors SigA and SigF, therefore ruling out the hypothesis that SigF may be responsible for increased resistance of the enzyme to rifampin in vitro. In addition, over-expression or deletion of sigF did not alter rifampin susceptibility in axenic cultures of M. tuberculosis, indicating that SigF does not affect rifampin tolerance in vivo.

2010

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Discovery of benzothiazoles as antimycobacterial agents: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and binding studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-D-ribose 2 '-oxidase

Stewart Cole, Joao Pedro De Almeida Neres, Anirban Ghosh, Florence Pojer

We report the discovery of benzothiazoles, a novel anti-mycobacterial series, identified from a whole cell based screening campaign. Benzothiazoles exert their bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) through potent inhibition of decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-D-ribose 2'-oxidase (DprE1), the key enzyme involved in arabinogalactan synthesis. Specific target linkage and mode of binding were established using co-crystallization and protein mass spectrometry studies. Most importantly, the current study provides insights on the utilization of systematic medicinal chemistry approaches to mitigate safety liabilities while improving potency during progression from an initial genotoxic hit, the benzothiazole N-oxides (BTOs) to the lead-like AMES negative, crowded benzothiazoles (cBTs). These findings offer opportunities for development of safe clinical candidates against tuberculosis. The design strategy adopted could find potential application in discovery of safe drugs in other therapy areas too. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2015

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FasR Regulates Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Stewart Cole, Claudia Sala

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, is the world's leading cause of death from an infectious disease. One of the main features of this pathogen is the complex and dynamic lipid composition of the cell envelope, which adapts to the variable host environment and defines the fate of infection by actively interacting with and modulating immune responses. However, while much has been learned about the enzymes of the numerous lipid pathways, little knowledge is available regarding the proteins and metabolic signals regulating lipid metabolism during M. tuberculosis infection. In this work, we constructed and characterized a FasR-deficient mutant in M. tuberculosis and demonstrated that FasR positively regulates fas and acpS expression. Lipidomic analysis of the wild type and mutant strains revealed complete rearrangement of most lipid components of the cell envelope, with phospholipids, mycolic acids, sulfolipids, and phthiocerol dimycocerosates relative abundance severely altered. As a consequence, replication of the mutant strain was impaired in macrophages leading to reduced virulence in a mouse model of infection. Moreover, we show that the fasR mutant resides in acidified cellular compartments, suggesting that the lipid perturbation caused by the mutation prevented M. tuberculosis inhibition of phagolysosome maturation. This study identified FasR as a novel factor involved in regulation of mycobacterial virulence and provides evidence for the essential role that modulation of lipid homeostasis plays in the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2020

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