Publication

Generative models of the human connectome

Résumé

The human connectome represents a network map of the brain's wiring diagram and the pattern into which its connections are organized is thought to play an important role in cognitive function. The generative rules that shape the topology of the human connectome remain incompletely understood. Earlier work in model organisms has suggested that wiring rules based on geometric relationships (distance) can account for many but likely not all topological features. Here we systematically explore a family of generative models of the human connectome that yield synthetic networks designed according to different wiring rules combining geometric and a broad range of topological factors. We find that a combination of geometric constraints with a homophilic attachment mechanism can create synthetic networks that closely match many topological characteristics of individual human connectomes, including features that were not included in the optimization of the generative model itself. We use these models to investigate a lifespan dataset and show that, with age, the model parameters undergo progressive changes, suggesting a rebalancing of the generative factors underlying the connectome across the lifespan. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Concepts associés (32)
Connectome
Le connectome est un plan complet des connexions neuronales d'un cerveau. La production et l'étude des connectomes est la connectomique. À l'échelle microscopique, elle décrit la disposition des neurones et des synapses dans tout ou partie du système nerveux d'un organisme. À l'échelle "macroscopique", elle étudie la connectivité fonctionnelle et structurelle entre toutes les aires corticales et les structures sous-corticales.
Connectomique
La connectomique est l'établissement et l'étude du connectome, c'est-à-dire de l'ensemble des connexions neuronales du cerveau. La connectomique est la production et l'étude des connectomes : des cartes complètes des connexions au sein du système nerveux d'un organisme. Plus généralement, on peut considérer qu'il s'agit de l'étude des schémas de câblage neuronaux, en mettant l'accent sur la façon dont la connectivité structurelle, les synapses individuelles, la morphologie et l'ultrastructure cellulaires contribuent à la constitution d'un réseau.
Generative grammar
Generative grammar, or generativism ˈdʒɛnərətɪvɪzəm, is a linguistic theory that regards linguistics as the study of a hypothesised innate grammatical structure. It is a biological or biologistic modification of earlier structuralist theories of linguistics, deriving ultimately from glossematics. Generative grammar considers grammar as a system of rules that generates exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language.
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