Classification phylogénétiqueLa classification phylogénétique ou classification cladistique est une forme de classification des êtres vivants qui repose sur leur phylogénie. Elle prend son origine dans les travaux d'une école de taxonomie dite systématique phylogénétique ou systématique cladistique ou cladisme. Cette approche a pour objectif de rendre compte des relations de parenté entre les taxons, s’agissant seulement de l'apparentement, c'est-à-dire des relations de groupes frères et non des relations généalogiques d'ancêtres à descendants, entre des groupes d'organismes quel que soit leur rang taxonomique.
Potasse (minerai)La potasse désigne communément un minerai salin dit de roches évaporitiques, à base de chlorure de potassium, utilisé comme point de départ des principaux dérivés potassiques ainsi que dans l'industrie des engrais. On peut aussi l'extraire en grande quantité des eaux de la mer. Les gisements de potasse sont peu nombreux, mais souvent activement exploités dans le monde. Les plus importants producteurs mondiaux en 2014 : Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de potasse en 2000 sont le Canada, la Russie et ses anciens états soviétiques dont la Biélorussie.
Nutrient managementNutrient management is the science and practice directed to link soil, crop, weather, and hydrologic factors with cultural, irrigation, and soil and water conservation practices to achieve optimal nutrient use efficiency, crop yields, crop quality, and economic returns, while reducing off-site transport of nutrients (fertilizer) that may impact the environment. It involves matching a specific field soil, climate, and crop management conditions to rate, source, timing, and place (commonly known as the 4R nutrient stewardship) of nutrient application.
Synonyme (taxinomie)thumb|Le vampire des abysses Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903 admet de nombreux synonymes :• Cirroteuthis macrope Berry, 1911• Vampyroteuthis macrope Berry, 1911• Melanoteuthis lucens Joubin, 1912• Watasella nigra , 1920• Danateuthis schmidti Joubin, 1929• Hansenoteuthis lucens Joubin, 1929• Melanoteuthis schmidt Joubin, 1929• Melanoteuthis beebei Robson, 1929• Retroteuthis pacifica Joubin, 1929• Melanoteuthis anderseni Joubin, 1931. Dans la nomenclature scientifique du monde vivant, les synonymes sont des noms scientifiques différents pour désigner un même taxon.
Nutrient pollutionNutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters (lakes, rivers and coastal waters), in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. Sources of nutrient pollution include surface runoff from farm fields and pastures, discharges from septic tanks and feedlots, and emissions from combustion. Raw sewage is a large contributor to cultural eutrophication since sewage is high in nutrients.
TaxonomyTaxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. Among other things, a taxonomy can be used to organize and index knowledge (stored as documents, articles, videos, etc.), such as in the form of a library classification system, or a search engine taxonomy, so that users can more easily find the information they are searching for.
Anaerobic lagoonAn anaerobic lagoon or manure lagoon is a man-made outdoor earthen basin filled with animal waste that undergoes anaerobic respiration as part of a system designed to manage and treat refuse created by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Anaerobic lagoons are created from a manure slurry, which is washed out from underneath the animal pens and then piped into the lagoon. Sometimes the slurry is placed in an intermediate holding tank under or next to the barns before it is deposited in a lagoon.
Pearson correlation coefficientIn statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value between −1 and 1. As with covariance itself, the measure can only reflect a linear correlation of variables, and ignores many other types of relationships or correlations.
GraineDans le cycle de vie des « plantes à graines », appelées spermatophytes, la graine est la structure qui contient et protège l'embryon végétal. Elle est souvent contenue dans un fruit qui permet sa dissémination. La graine permet ainsi à la plante d'échapper aux conditions d'un milieu devenu hostile soit en s'éloignant, soit en attendant le retour de circonstances favorables. Elle provient d'une transformation de l'ovule fécondé.
Alpha diversityIn ecology, alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the mean species diversity in a site at a local scale. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker together with the terms beta diversity (β-diversity) and gamma diversity (γ-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (gamma diversity) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites at a more local scale (alpha diversity) and the differentiation among those sites (beta diversity).
