Peaking power plantPeaking power plants, also known as peaker plants, and occasionally just "peakers", are power plants that generally run only when there is a high demand, known as peak demand, for electricity. Because they supply power only occasionally, the power supplied commands a much higher price per kilowatt hour than base load power. Peak load power plants are dispatched in combination with base load power plants, which supply a dependable and consistent amount of electricity, to meet the minimum demand.
Compressed-air energy storageCompressed-air energy storage (CAES) is a way to store energy for later use using compressed air. At a utility scale, energy generated during periods of low demand can be released during peak load periods. The first utility-scale CAES project has been built in Huntorf, Germany, and is still operational. The Huntorf plant was initially developed as a load balancer for fossil fuel-generated electricity, the global shift towards renewable energy renewed interest in CAES systems, to help highly intermittent energy sources like photovoltaics and wind satisfy fluctuating electricity demands.
Renewable energy commercializationRenewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. First-generation technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy.
Weapon target assignment problemThe weapon target assignment problem (WTA) is a class of combinatorial optimization problems present in the fields of optimization and operations research. It consists of finding an optimal assignment of a set of weapons of various types to a set of targets in order to maximize the total expected damage done to the opponent. The basic problem is as follows: There are a number of weapons and a number of targets. The weapons are of type . There are available weapons of type . Similarly, there are targets, each with a value of .
Pointe de consommation électriqueUne est la consommation la plus élevée d’un réseau électrique pendant une période définie (jour, mois, saison). Elle dépend de la localisation et de la période étudiée et, du fait de la dificulté du stockage de l'électricité, pose des problèmes particuliers aux gestionnaires de réseaux et aux producteurs d’électricité. Contrairement à d'autres formes d'énergie, l'énergie électrique ne peut généralement pas être stockée telle quelle à grande échelle, chaque kilowatt-heure devant donc être produit au moment de sa consommation.
Transition énergétiqueLa transition énergétique désigne à la fois l'évolution passée de la répartition des énergies consommées sur la planète (bois, hydroélectricité, charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel, nucléaire, etc.) et, pour l'avenir, l'objectif politique et technique d'une modification structurelle profonde des modes de production et de consommation de l'énergie. C'est l'un des volets de la transition écologique.
Feasible regionIn mathematical optimization, a feasible region, feasible set, search space, or solution space is the set of all possible points (sets of values of the choice variables) of an optimization problem that satisfy the problem's constraints, potentially including inequalities, equalities, and integer constraints. This is the initial set of candidate solutions to the problem, before the set of candidates has been narrowed down.
Réseau électrique intelligentUn réseau électrique intelligent, ou smart grid en anglais, est un réseau de distribution d'électricité qui favorise la circulation d’information entre les fournisseurs et les consommateurs afin d’ajuster le flux d’électricité en temps réel et d'en permettre une gestion plus efficace. Ce type de réseaux intelligents utilise des techniques informatiques pour optimiser la production, la distribution, la consommation et éventuellement le stockage de l'énergie afin de mieux coordonner l'ensemble des mailles du réseau électrique, du producteur au consommateur final.
Home energy storageHome energy storage devices store electricity locally, for later consumption. Electrochemical energy storage products, also known as "Battery Energy Storage System" (or "BESS" for short), at their heart are rechargeable batteries, typically based on lithium-ion or lead-acid controlled by computer with intelligent software to handle charging and discharging cycles. Companies are also developing smaller flow battery technology for home use.
Stochastic optimizationStochastic optimization (SO) methods are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic problems, the random variables appear in the formulation of the optimization problem itself, which involves random objective functions or random constraints. Stochastic optimization methods also include methods with random iterates. Some stochastic optimization methods use random iterates to solve stochastic problems, combining both meanings of stochastic optimization.
