Expanded genetic codeAn expanded genetic code is an artificially modified genetic code in which one or more specific codons have been re-allocated to encode an amino acid that is not among the 22 common naturally-encoded proteinogenic amino acids. The key prerequisites to expand the genetic code are: the non-standard amino acid to encode, an unused codon to adopt, a tRNA that recognises this codon, and a tRNA synthetase that recognises only that tRNA and only the non-standard amino acid.
Structure primairevignette|Structure des protéines, en particulier la structure primaire En biochimie, la structure primaire d'une biomolécule non-ramifiée comme une protéine ou un brin d'ADN ou d'ARN, est la séquence de nucléotides ou d'acides aminés du début à la fin de la molécule. Autrement dit, la structure primaire représente l'exacte composition chimique et la séquence de ses sous-unités monomériques. La structure primaire d'un polymère biologique détermine largement sa forme tridimensionnelle, connue sous le nom de structure tertiaire.
Temperateness (virology)In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle. Many (but not all) temperate phages can integrate their genomes into their host bacterium's chromosome, together becoming a lysogen as the phage genome becomes a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo a productive, typically lytic life cycle, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome, and produces phage progeny, which then leave the bacterium.
