Neuronal ensembleA neuronal ensemble is a population of nervous system cells (or cultured neurons) involved in a particular neural computation. The concept of neuronal ensemble dates back to the work of Charles Sherrington who described the functioning of the CNS as the system of reflex arcs, each composed of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In Sherrington's scheme, α-motoneurons are the final common path of a number of neural circuits of different complexity: motoneurons integrate a large number of inputs and send their final output to muscles.
Fine motor skillFine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles in movement with the eyes, hands and fingers. The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be related to the nervous system. Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human development. Motor skills are movements and actions of the bone structures. Typically, they are categorised into two groups: gross motor skills and fine motor skills.
GynoïdeUne gynoïde est un robot humanoïde ayant l'apparence d'une femme. Le mot « gynoïde » signifie littéralement « qui a la forme d'une femme ». Le mot est construit en miroir avec « androïde », qui signifie au sens propre « qui a l'apparence d'un homme ». En pratique, le mot « androïde » est surtout utilisé en science-fiction pour désigner un robot à l'apparence humaine. Le fait qu'un androïde doit en principe avoir l'apparence d'un homme est souvent négligé.
Internal model (motor control)In the subject area of control theory, an internal model is a process that simulates the response of the system in order to estimate the outcome of a system disturbance. The internal model principle was first articulated in 1976 by B. A. Francis and W. M. Wonham as an explicit formulation of the Conant and Ashby good regulator theorem. It stands in contrast to classical control, in that the classical feedback loop fails to explicitly model the controlled system (although the classical controller may contain an implicit model).
Greenwich Time SignalThe Greenwich Time Signal (GTS), popularly known as the pips, is a series of six short tones (or "pips") broadcast at one-second intervals by many BBC Radio stations. The pips were introduced in 1924 and have been generated by the BBC since 1990 to mark the precise start of each hour. Their utility in calibration is diminishing as digital broadcasting entails time lags. There are six pips (short beeps) in total, which occur on each of the 5 seconds leading up to the hour and on the hour itself.
Civilian control of the militaryCivilian control of the military is a doctrine in military and political science that places ultimate responsibility for a country's strategic decision-making in the hands of the civilian political leadership, rather than professional military officers. Civilian oversight over militaries, mainly used in democratic governments, puts the power to take military action in the hands of a civilian leader or legislative agency. Allowing the civilian component of government to retain control over the military or state security shows a healthy respect for democratic values and good governance.
Unified Combatant Commandvignette|redresse=2|Carte des périmètres géographiques des commandements de l'Unified Combatant Command (2008). Un Unified Combatant Command (UCC, en français « commandement combattant unifié ») est un commandement interarmées et permanent des Forces armées des États-Unis. Ce type de structure a été créé le . Depuis le , ces commandements sont au nombre de onze. Six ont des responsabilités géographiques (Area Of Responsibility) et cinq ont des responsabilités fonctionnelles.
