Posez n’importe quelle question sur les cours, conférences, exercices, recherches, actualités, etc. de l’EPFL ou essayez les exemples de questions ci-dessous.
AVERTISSEMENT : Le chatbot Graph n'est pas programmé pour fournir des réponses explicites ou catégoriques à vos questions. Il transforme plutôt vos questions en demandes API qui sont distribuées aux différents services informatiques officiellement administrés par l'EPFL. Son but est uniquement de collecter et de recommander des références pertinentes à des contenus que vous pouvez explorer pour vous aider à répondre à vos questions.
The emergence of recombinant DNA technology has shifted research towards developing subunit vaccines, which use protein or peptide antigens instead of live/attenuated pathogens. Recent research has also shown that the best way to get sustained immunity is ...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a growing world health problem, especially in developing countries. The only available vaccine is the hundred years old Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG). It has been shown to reduce infant mortality, but it is not an effective metho ...
Intracellular pathogens like Shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. Once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. The fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. Examining Shigella-infected ...
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the most common class of bacterial protein toxin and are important for bacterial pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that the previous model stating that epithelial cells lyse in response to these toxins and have no defen ...
Invading pathogens are recognized by mammalian cells through dedicated receptors found either at the cell surface or in the cytoplasm. These receptors, like the trans-membrane Toll-like Receptors (TLR) or the cytosolic Nod-like Receptors (NLR), initiate in ...
The founding member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family was originally identified as a cell death inhibitor. However, recent evidence suggests that IAPs are multifunctional signaling devices that influence diverse biological processes. To in ...
During infection, most pathogenic bacteria deliver proteins to the host cell cytoplasm to manipulate host behavior. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Spanò and colleagues describe a system where a bacterium produces an exotoxin while inside the host ce ...
Antigen targeting and adjuvancy schemes that respectively facilitate delivery of antigen to dendritic cells and elicit their activation have been explored in vaccine development. Here we investigate whether nanoparticles can be used as a vaccine platform b ...
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus which causes severe opportunistic infections in immunocompromised humans. The brl1 gene of P. carinii infecting rats was identified and characterized by using bioinformatics in conjunction with functional complementation ...
The B cell response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is characterized by a CD4(+) T cell-dependent polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and delayed formation of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. Here we provide evidence that, paradoxically, because ...
