Dynamic demand (electric power)Dynamic Demand is the name of a semi-passive technology to support demand response by adjusting the load demand on an electrical power grid. It is also the name of an independent not-for-profit organization in the UK supported by a charitable grant from the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, dedicated to promoting this technology. The concept is that by monitoring the frequency of the power grid, as well as their own controls, intermittent domestic and industrial loads switch themselves on/off at optimal moments to balance the overall grid load with generation, reducing critical power mismatches.
Customer analyticsCustomer analytics is a process by which data from customer behavior is used to help make key business decisions via market segmentation and predictive analytics. This information is used by businesses for direct marketing, site selection, and customer relationship management. Marketing provides services in order to satisfy customers. With that in mind, the productive system is considered from its beginning at the production level, to the end of the cycle at the consumer.
Réponse à la demandeLa réponse à la demande (demand response) comprend, de manière générale, tous les moyens mis en place pour changer le profil de consommation de l'électricité par les utilisateurs et donc la consommation totale électrique. D'après la Federal Energy Regulatory Commission américaine, elle est le changement d'utilisation de l'électricité par le consommateur final par rapport à l'usage habituel en réponse aux changements de prix de l'électricité au cours du temps, ou des remboursements destinés à diminuer l'usage de l'électricité lors de maxima des prix dans le marché de gros ou lors d'instabilité du réseau électrique.
Coût actualisé de l'énergieLe coût actualisé de l'énergie, en anglais Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), correspond au prix complet d'une énergie (l’électricité dans la plupart des cas) sur la durée de vie de l’équipement qui la produit. Les différents modes de production d'électricité ont des coûts très différents. Le calcul de ces coûts peut être fait en différents points : en sortie immédiate du système de production (centrale électrique, éolienne, ensemble de panneaux photovoltaïque...), au point de connexion au réseau électrique, etc.
Gestion de la relation clientLa gestion de la relation client (GRC), ou gestion des relations avec la clientèle, est l'ensemble des outils et techniques destinés à tenir compte des souhaits et des attentes des clients et des prospects, afin de les satisfaire et de les fidéliser en leur offrant ou proposant des services. Les applications informatiques de la GRC sont des progiciels qui permettent de traiter directement avec le client, que ce soit sur le plan de la vente, du marketing ou du service, et que l'on regroupe souvent sous le terme de « front-office » par opposition aux outils de « back-office » que sont les progiciels de gestion intégrés (PGI).
Grid balancingGrid balancing ensures that electricity consumption matches electricity production of an electrical grid at any moment. Electricity is by its nature difficult to store and has to be available on demand, so the supply shall match the demand very closely at any time despite the continuous variations of both. In a deregulated grid, a transmission system operator is responsible for the balancing (in the US electric system smaller entities, so called balancing authorities, are in charge, overseen by reliability coordinators).
Breach of contractBreach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance. Breach occurs when a party to a contract fails to fulfill its obligation(s), whether partially or wholly, as described in the contract, or communicates an intent to fail the obligation or otherwise appears not to be able to perform its obligation under the contract.
Capital structureIn corporate finance, capital structure refers to the mix of various forms of external funds, known as capital, used to finance a business. It consists of shareholders' equity, debt (borrowed funds), and preferred stock, and is detailed in the company's balance sheet. The larger the debt component is in relation to the other sources of capital, the greater financial leverage (or gearing, in the United Kingdom) the firm is said to have.
Cost of capitalIn economics and accounting, the cost of capital is the cost of a company's funds (both debt and equity), or from an investor's point of view is "the required rate of return on a portfolio company's existing securities". It is used to evaluate new projects of a company. It is the minimum return that investors expect for providing capital to the company, thus setting a benchmark that a new project has to meet. For an investment to be worthwhile, the expected return on capital has to be higher than the cost of capital.
Power system operations and controlPower system operations is a term used in electricity generation to describe the process of decision-making on the timescale from one day (day-ahead operation) to minutes prior to the power delivery. The term power system control describes actions taken in response to unplanned disturbances (e.g., changes in demand or equipment failures) in order to provide reliable electric supply of acceptable quality. The corresponding engineering branch is called Power System Operations and Control.
