Earth's internal heat budgetEarth's internal heat budget is fundamental to the thermal history of the Earth. The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at 47±2 terawatts (TW) and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the primordial heat left over from the formation of Earth. Earth's internal heat travels along geothermal gradients and powers most geological processes.
HypomagnésémieMagnesium deficiency is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is a low level of magnesium in the body. It can result in multiple symptoms. Symptoms include tremor, poor coordination, muscle spasms, loss of appetite, personality changes, and nystagmus. Complications may include seizures or cardiac arrest such as from torsade de pointes. Those with low magnesium often have low potassium. Causes include low dietary intake, alcoholism, diarrhea, increased urinary loss, poor absorption from the intestines, and diabetes mellitus.
Vénus (planète)Vénus est la deuxième planète du Système solaire par ordre d'éloignement au Soleil, et la sixième plus grosse aussi bien par la masse que le diamètre. Elle doit son nom à la déesse romaine de l'amour. Vénus orbite autour du Soleil tous les terrestres. Avec une période de rotation de terrestres, il lui faut plus de temps pour tourner autour de son axe que toute autre planète du Système solaire. Comme Uranus, elle possède une rotation rétrograde et tourne dans le sens opposé à celui des autres planètes : le soleil s'y lève à l'ouest et se couche à l'est.
HadéenL'Hadéen est le premier éon de l'histoire de la Terre. Il commence avec la formation de la Terre il y a environ d'années (Ga) pour se terminer autour de , et dure donc approximativement d'années (Ma). L'Hadéen, division la plus ancienne des temps géologiques, forme avec l'Archéen et le Protérozoïque (les deux éons suivants) le Précambrien. En raison de la rareté des roches ou des minéraux d'âge archéen et des transformations qu'ils ont pu subir par la suite, les connaissances géologiques et paléobiologiques à propos de l'Hadéen sont limitées.
Geological history of EarthThe geological history of Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers (stratigraphy). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left over from the formation of the Sun, which also created the rest of the Solar System. Initially, the Earth was molten due to extreme volcanism and frequent collisions with other bodies.
LodestoneLodestones are naturally magnetized pieces of the mineral magnetite. They are naturally occurring magnets, which can attract iron. The property of magnetism was first discovered in antiquity through lodestones. Pieces of lodestone, suspended so they could turn, were the first magnetic compasses, and their importance to early navigation is indicated by the name lodestone, which in Middle English means "course stone" or "leading stone", from the now-obsolete meaning of lode as "journey, way".
Iron catastropheThe iron catastrophe is a postulated major geological event early in the history of Earth, where heavy metals such as iron and nickel congregated in the core during a geologically brief period. The original accretion of the Earth's material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relatively uniform composition. While residual heat from the collision of the material that formed the Earth was significant, heating from radioactive materials in this mass gradually increased the temperature until a critical condition was reached.
