A scaffold protein connects type IV pili with the Chp chemosensory system to mediate activation of virulence signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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The mouse mammary gland is a complex tissue that proliferates and differentiates under the control of systemic hormones during puberty, pregnancy and lactation. Once a highly branched milk duct system has been established, during mid/late pregnancy, alveol ...
The mammalian intestine is a prototype of a self-renewing organ. The rapid cellular turnover is supported by proliferating progenitors located in the intestinal crypt, which is also the stem cell location. Homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium has to be ...
In the intracellular signaling networks that regulate important cell processes, the base pattern comprises the cycle of reversible phosphorylation of a protein, catalyzed by kinases and opposing phosphatases. Mathematical modeling and analysis have been us ...
One of the basic characteristics of every living system is the ability to respond to extracellular signals. This is carried out through a limited number of protein-based signaling networks, whose function is not based only on simple transmission of the rec ...
Extracellular signals in development, physiology, homeostasis and disease often act by regulating transcription. Herein we describe a general method and specific resources for determining where and when such signaling occurs in live animals and for systema ...
Studying the complex mechanisms of transducing an extracellular signal across a plasma membrane to initiate an intracellular responce is of fundamental importance for a cell’s function. Transmembrane signaling is the key allowing cells to sense and communi ...
Embryogenesis depends on self-regulatory interactions between spatially separated signaling centers, but few of these are well understood. Limb development is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal (e-m) feedback loops between sonic hedgehog (SHH) and fibrobl ...
In the brainstem auditory circuit of mammals and birds, excitatory synapses with extraordinarily large size have evolved, which ensure fast membrane potential signaling mediated by large, multiquantal excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). The so-called ...
Invading pathogens are recognized by mammalian cells through dedicated receptors found either at the cell surface or in the cytoplasm. These receptors, like the trans-membrane Toll-like Receptors (TLR) or the cytosolic Nod-like Receptors (NLR), initiate in ...
Conventionally, biological signal transduction networks are analysed using experimental and theoretical methods to describe specific protein components, interactions, and biochemical processes and to model network behavior under various conditions. While t ...
