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Glutamate is a principal neurotransmitter used extensively by the nervous systems of all vertebrate and invertebrate animals. It is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter that has been implicated in nervous system development, as well as a myriad of brai ...
Background: Throughout the animal kingdom, GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter of the nervous system. It is essential for maintaining the homeostatic balance between excitation and inhibition required for the brain to operate normally. Identi ...
The mammalian brain develops through a complex interplay of spatial cues generated by diffusible morphogens, cell-cell interactions and intrinsic genetic programs that result in probably more than a thousand distinct cell types. A complete understanding of ...
Understanding how learning and memory formation work in the brain is a major challenge in neuroscience, with important implications for many other fields, including medicine and industry. It is nowadays widely accepted that synaptic plasticity is the biolo ...
Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability. Advanced technological solutions ("neurotechnologies'') exploiting robotic systems and electrodes that stimulate the nervous system can increase the efficacy of stroke rehabilitation. Recent stud ...
Neuroprostheses based on electrical stimulation are becoming a therapeutic reality, dramatically improving the life of disabled people. They are based on neural interfaces that are designed to create an intimate contact with neural cells. These devices spe ...
Neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI) massively reduce independence and quality of life. Most often, the majority of the nervous system is still fully or partially spared, but dysfunctional due to aberrant or absent descending input from ...
Mounting evidence indicates that the nervous system plays a central role in cancer pathogenesis. In turn, cancers and cancer therapies can alter nervous system form and function. This Commentary seeks to describe the burgeoning field of "cancer neuroscienc ...
The establishment of neuronal circuits requires neurons to develop and maintain appropriate connections with cellular partners in and out the central nervous system. These phenomena include elaboration of dendritic arborization and formation of synaptic co ...
After a spinal cord injury (SCI), only half of affected individuals regain voluntary control of leg movements below the level of the lesion. Anatomical, electrophysiological and imaging data revealed that even the most severe forms of SCI usually spare a s ...