Virus inactivation in stored human urine, sludge and animal manure under typical conditions of storage or mesophilic anaerobic digestion
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Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was recently found to be the most abundant RNA virus in human feces, and is a plant virus belonging to the genus Tobamovirus in the family Virgoviridae. When in human feces, it is of dietary origin from peppers and their pr ...
Human urine can be used as fertilizer and technologies, such as alkaline-urine treatment, are being developed to enable easier re-use. There is, however, a risk of pathogens being present in the urine. This hygiene assessment examined inactivation of three ...
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What is the goal of a five-day seminar for the (architectural) design of a ‘water and sanitation hub’ in Mali? What does one want to achieve, or rather, what is the seminar meant to ‘disseminate’? To begin with, what is a ‘water and sanitation hub’? It is ...
Infectious disease transmission is frequently mediated by the environment, where people's movements through and interactions with the environment dictate risks of infection and/or illness. Capturing these interactions, and quantifying their importance, off ...
Container-based sanitation (CBS) within a comprehensive service system value chain offers a low-cost sanitation option with potential for revenue generation, but may increase microbial health risks to sanitation service workers. This study assessed occupat ...
On-site sanitation technologies such as pit latrines are widely used in low-and middle-income countries. In emergency situations, after a disaster leading to an important displacement of persons, pit latrines are often the sanitation facilities built in ca ...
Human viruses are ubiquitous contaminants in surface waters, where they can persist over extended periods of time. Among the factors governing their environmental persistence, the control (removal or inactivation) by microorganisms remains poorly understoo ...
Effluents from composted human excreta were sampled and characterized. Results show a constancy in the characteristics and nutrient content of these effluents. Then, these effluents were treated with supercritical water gasification, producing hydrogen ric ...
The current work addresses a methodology for the optimal design of biogas supply chains based on anaerobic digestion of animal manure. The problem formulation allows the utilization of optimized processing plants that have been previously designed within a ...