History of the periodic tableThe periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements, structured by their atomic number, electron configuration and recurring chemical properties. In the basic form, elements are presented in order of increasing atomic number, in the reading sequence. Then, rows and columns are created by starting new rows and inserting blank cells, so that rows (periods) and columns (groups) show elements with recurring properties (called periodicity). For example, all elements in group (column) 18 are noble gases that are largely—though not completely—unreactive.
Radiothérapiethumb|upright=1.5|Accélérateur linéaire de radiothérapie Varian-Clinac 2100 C/D dans le Centre azuréen de cancérologie, Mougins, France. La radiothérapie est une méthode de traitement locorégional des cancers, utilisant des radiations pour détruire les cellules cancéreuses en bloquant leur capacité à se multiplier. L'irradiation a pour but de détruire toutes les cellules tumorales tout en épargnant les tissus sains périphériques. La radiothérapie est utilisée chez plus de la moitié des patients ayant un cancer.
Evolutionary radiationAn evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomic diversity that is caused by elevated rates of speciation, that may or may not be associated with an increase in morphological disparity. Radiations may affect one clade or many, and be rapid or gradual; where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage's adaptation to their environment, they are termed adaptive radiations. Perhaps the most familiar example of an evolutionary radiation is that of placental mammals immediately after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 million years ago.
