Bacterial taxonomyBacterial taxonomy is subfield of taxonomy devoted to the classification of bacteria specimens into taxonomic ranks. In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species is assigned to a genus resulting in a two-part name. This name denotes the two lowest levels in a hierarchy of ranks, increasingly larger groupings of species based on common traits. Of these ranks, domains are the most general level of categorization. Presently, scientists classify all life into just three domains, Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea.
Test ADN généalogiqueUn test ADN généalogique est un test basé sur l'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) qui examine des emplacements spécifiques du génome d'une personne afin de rechercher ou de vérifier des relations généalogiques ancestrales ou (avec une fiabilité moindre) d'estimer le mélange ethnique d'un individu. Étant donné que différentes sociétés de test utilisent différents groupes ethniques de référence, composés de personnes testées et dont les origines antérieures au recensement étaient inconnues, la composition ethnique estimée est généralement très contradictoire.
PalynivoreIn zoology, a palynivore /pəˈlɪnəvɔːɹ/, meaning "pollen eater" (from Greek παλύνω palunō, "strew, sprinkle", and Latin, vorare, meaning "to devour") is an herbivorous animal which selectively eats the nutrient-rich pollen produced by angiosperms and gymnosperms. Most true palynivores are insects or mites. The category in its strictest application includes most bees, and a few kinds of wasps, as pollen is often the only solid food consumed by all life stages in these insects.
Common descentCommon descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to modern evolutionary biology, all living beings could be descendants of a unique ancestor commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population. The more recent the ancestral population two species have in common, the more closely are they related.
Evolutionary physiologyEvolutionary physiology is the study of the biological evolution of physiological structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional characteristics of individuals in a population of organisms have responded to natural selection across multiple generations during the history of the population. It is a sub-discipline of both physiology and evolutionary biology. Practitioners in the field come from a variety of backgrounds, including physiology, evolutionary biology, ecology, and genetics.
ÉdentementL' est une pathologie correspondant à l'absence de dents dans une bouche adulte. L'édentement commence lorsqu'au moins une dent manque à la denture d'un adulte, hors dent de sagesse. L’édentement complet ou édentement total représente une situation de handicap majeur, . Cette pathologie concerne environ 158 millions de personnes dans le monde en 2010, soit 2,3 % de la population mondiale. L'édentement était une pathologie autrefois fort commune, mais aujourd'hui cette pathologie concerne en premier lieu les personnes âgées et/ou précaires dans les pays développés.
DenturesDentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or complete denture). However, there are many denture designs, some of which rely on bonding or clasping onto teeth or dental implants (fixed prosthodontics). There are two main categories of dentures, the distinction being whether they fit onto the mandibular arch or on the maxillary arch.
