High-dose estrogen therapyHigh-dose estrogen therapy (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given. When given in combination with a high dose of progestogen, it has been referred to as pseudopregnancy. It is called this because the estrogen and progestogen levels achieved are in the range of the very high levels of these hormones that occur during pregnancy. HDE and pseudopregnancy have been used in medicine for a number of hormone-dependent indications, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometriosis, among others.
Insuffisance veineuseL'insuffisance veineuse est un terme qui sert à désigner un déficit circulatoire veineux des membres inférieurs. Lorsque les parois des veines sont en mauvais état avec hypotonie, cela entraîne un reflux sanguin dans les veines superficielles ; la dilatation des veines touchées perturbe l'écoulement unidirectionnel du sang vers le cœur, les valvules n'assurant plus leur fonction antireflux, le sang s'accumule dans les jambes qui deviennent lourdes, enflées et douloureuses.
Hormone replacement therapyHormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. These symptoms can include hot flashes, vaginal atrophy, accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness, decreased muscle mass, sexual dysfunction, and bone loss or osteoporosis. They are in large part related to the diminished levels of sex hormones that occur during menopause. Estrogens and progestogens are the main hormone drugs used in HRT.
Premarin (médicament)Le Premarin est un médicament à base d'œstrogènes conjugués, utilisé pour traiter les troubles de la ménopause chez la femme. Son nom vient de l'anglais pregnant mare urine désignant l'ingrédient principal, l'urine de jument gestante. Il a été mis sur le marché pour la première fois par l’entreprise Pfizer en 1941. D'autres médicaments utilisent des œstrogènes conjugués d'origine équine, comme le Premplus, commercialisé par le même entreprise, le Climopax et le Duavive.
Ethinylestradiol sulfonateEthinylestradiol sulfonate (EES), sold under the brand names Deposiston and Turisteron among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in birth control pills for women and in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It has also been investigated in the treatment of breast cancer in women. The medication was combined with norethisterone acetate in birth control pills. EES is taken by mouth once per week. Side effects of EES in men include breast tenderness, gynecomastia, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and cardiovascular complications, among others.
Combined injectable birth controlCombined injectable contraceptives (CICs) are a form of hormonal birth control for women. They consist of monthly injections of combined formulations containing an estrogen and a progestin to prevent pregnancy. CICs are different from progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs), such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; brand names Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104) and norethisterone enantate (NETE; brand name Noristerat), which are not combined with an estrogen and are given once every two to three months instead of once a month.
Thrombose atypique liée aux vaccins AstraZeneca ou Janssen contre la Covid-19Des cas de thrombose atypique liée à la vaccination sont signalés après une vaccination contre la COVID-19 par un vaccin à adénovirus comme les vaccins AstraZeneca ou Janssen. Il s'agit d'effets secondaires très rares (de l'ordre d'un cas pour ou moins que lors d'un vol transatlantique) mais graves. Ils seraient dus à des et à une coagulation intravasculaire disséminée provoquant la formation anormale de caillots, principalement des thromboses du sinus veineux cérébral ou des thromboses veineuses splanchniques.
Facteur écologiqueOn appelle facteur écologique tout élément du milieu (milieu naturel ou anthropisé) susceptible d'agir directement sur tous les êtres vivants au moins pendant une phase de leur développement. Ces facteurs écologiques servent à décrire et analyser ou modéliser un écosystème ou une espèce ou un taxon donnée dans le temps et dans l'espace. Selon la classification utilisée, on peut distinguer plusieurs types de facteurs écologiques du milieu s'exerçant sur un organisme vivant.
Polyestradiol phosphatePolyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is an estrogen medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men. It is also used in women to treat breast cancer, as a component of hormone therapy to treat low estrogen levels and menopausal symptoms, and as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. It is given by injection into muscle once every four weeks. Common side effects of PEP include headache, breast tenderness, breast development, feminization, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and vaginal bleeding.
Mestranol/noretynodrelMestranol/norethynodrel was the first combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) being mestranol and norethynodrel. It sold as Enovid in the United States and as Enavid in the United Kingdom. Developed by Gregory Pincus at G. D. Searle & Company, it was first approved on June 10, 1957, by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of menstrual disorders. The FDA approved an additional indication for use as a contraceptive on June 23, 1960, though it only became legally prescribable nationwide and regardless of the woman's marital status after Eisenstadt v.
