Nucléosomevignette|Schéma de trois nucléosomes mis bout à bout, formant une partie d'un nucléofilament de 11 nm. Le nucléosome est un complexe comportant un segment d’ADN de 146 ou 147 paires de nucléotides, enroulé autour d'un cœur formé de protéines (les histones). Chez les eucaryotes, le nucléosome constitue l’unité de base d'organisation de la chromatine. Il représente le premier niveau de compaction de l’ADN dans le noyau, on compare souvent sa géométrie à celle d'un fil enroulé autour d'une bobine.
Regulator geneA regulator gene, regulator, or regulatory gene is a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes. Regulatory sequences, which encode regulatory genes, are often at the five prime end (5') to the start site of transcription of the gene they regulate. In addition, these sequences can also be found at the three prime end (3') to the transcription start site. In both cases, whether the regulatory sequence occurs before (5') or after (3') the gene it regulates, the sequence is often many kilobases away from the transcription start site.
Site-specific recombinationSite-specific recombination, also known as conservative site-specific recombination, is a type of genetic recombination in which DNA strand exchange takes place between segments possessing at least a certain degree of sequence homology. Enzymes known as site-specific recombinases (SSRs) perform rearrangements of DNA segments by recognizing and binding to short, specific DNA sequences (sites), at which they cleave the DNA backbone, exchange the two DNA helices involved, and rejoin the DNA strands.
