The Human Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion: Does It Exist and Contribute to Walking?
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Six adult monkeys (Macaca mulatta) received a unilateral lesion of the lateral corticospinal tract (CST) in the thoracic spinal cord. Prior to surgery, the animals were trained to perform quadrupedal stepping on a treadmill, and item retrieval with the foo ...
Motor responses in hindlimb muscles to epidural spinal cord stimulation in normal awake rats during bipedal standing were studied. Stimulation at L2 or S1 induced simultaneous and bilateral responses in the vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, tibialis anteri ...
This paper presents a neural network model of demyelination of the mouse motor pathways, coupled to a central pattern generation (CPG) model for quadruped walking. Demyelination is the degradation of the myelin layer covering the axons which can be caused ...
For a complete adult spinal rat to regain some weight-bearing stepping capability, it appears that a sequence of specific proprioceptive inputs that are similar, but not identical, from step to step must be generated over repetitive step cycles. Furthermor ...
We hypothesized that the activation patterns of flexor and extensor muscles and the resulting kinematics of the forelimbs and hindlimbs during locomotion in the Rhesus would have unique characteristics relative to other quadrupedal mammals. Adaptations of ...
The importance of the in vivo dynamic nature of the circuitries within the spinal cord that generate locomotion is becoming increasingly evident. We examined the characteristics of hindlimb EMG activity evoked in response to epidural stimulation at the S1 ...
Descending monoaminergic inputs markedly influence spinal locomotor circuits, but the functional relationships between specific receptors and the control of walking behavior remain poorly understood. To identify these interactions, we manipulated serotoner ...
The transition from aquatic to terrestrial locomotion was a key development in vertebrate evolution. We present a spinal cord model and its implementation in an amphibious salamander robot that demonstrates how a primitive neural circuit for swimming can b ...
We hypothesized that epidural spinal cord stimulation (ES) and quipazine (a serotonergic agonist) modulates the excitability of flexor and extensor related intraspinal neural networks in qualitatively unique, but complementary, ways to facilitate locomotio ...
Locomotor training improves function after a spinal cord injury both in experimental and clinical settings. The activity-dependent mechanisms underlying such improvement, however, are sparsely understood. Adult rats received a complete spinal cord transect ...