Wireless ad hoc networkA wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers or wireless access points. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. The determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and the routing algorithm in use.
Radio resource managementRadio resource management (RRM) is the system level management of co-channel interference, radio resources, and other radio transmission characteristics in wireless communication systems, for example cellular networks, wireless local area networks, wireless sensor systems, and radio broadcasting networks. RRM involves strategies and algorithms for controlling parameters such as transmit power, user allocation, beamforming, data rates, handover criteria, modulation scheme, error coding scheme, etc.
Transmission sans filLa transmission sans fil est un mode de communication à distance utilisant des ondes électromagnétiques modulées comme vecteur. Avec celles-ci, les distances peuvent être courtes , voire correspondre à des millions de kilomètres pour le réseau de communications avec l'espace lointain de la NASA. Dans le domaine grand-public, les applications les plus courantes des transmissions sans fil incluent les téléphones portables, les GPS, les souris et les claviers d’ordinateur, les réseaux Wi-Fi, les réseaux mobiles (les WAN sans fil), les casques audio, les récepteurs radio et la télévision numérique terrestre et par satellite.
Jeu mobilethumb|Tournoi du jeu Hearthstone sur tablettes tactiles (2015). Un jeu mobile est un jeu vidéo jouable sur appareil mobile : téléphone mobile, smartphone, tablette tactile. Cette définition n'inclut pas les jeux vidéo joués sur les systèmes dédiés que sont les consoles portables, telles les consoles Nintendo 3DS et PlayStation Vita ou Nintendo Switch. Le premier jeu sur téléphone mobile est une version de Tetris sur le Hagenuk MT-2000 en 1994. Trois ans plus tard, Nokia lance Snake dans certains de ses modèles en 1997.
Wireless mesh networkA wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. It can also be a form of wireless ad hoc network. A mesh refers to rich interconnection among devices or nodes. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. Mobility of nodes is less frequent. If nodes constantly or frequently move, the mesh spends more time updating routes than delivering data.
Réseau de capteurs sans filUn réseau de capteurs sans fil est un réseau ad hoc d'un grand nombre de nœuds, qui sont des micro-capteurs capables de recueillir et de transmettre des données d'une manière autonome. La position de ces nœuds n'est pas obligatoirement prédéterminée. Ils peuvent être aléatoirement répartis dans une zone géographique, intitulée « champ de captage » correspondant au terrain concerné pour le phénomène capté. En plus d'applications civiles, il existe des applications militaires aux réseaux de capteurs (détection d'intrusions, localisation de combattants, véhicules, armes, etc.
Time signalA time signal is a visible, audible, mechanical, or electronic signal used as a reference to determine the time of day. Church bells or voices announcing hours of prayer gave way to automatically operated chimes on public clocks; however, audible signals (even signal guns) have limited range. Busy seaports used a visual signal, the dropping of a ball, to allow mariners to check the chronometers used for navigation. The advent of electrical telegraphs allowed widespread and precise distribution of time signals from central observatories.
Line-of-sight propagationLine-of-sight propagation is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation or acoustic wave propagation which means waves can only travel in a direct visual path from the source to the receiver without obstacles. Electromagnetic transmission includes light emissions traveling in a straight line. The rays or waves may be diffracted, refracted, reflected, or absorbed by the atmosphere and obstructions with material and generally cannot travel over the horizon or behind obstacles.
Signal strength in telecommunicationsIn telecommunications, particularly in radio frequency engineering, signal strength refers to the transmitter power output as received by a reference antenna at a distance from the transmitting antenna. High-powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB-millivolts per metre (dBmV/m). For very low-power systems, such as mobile phones, signal strength is usually expressed in dB-microvolts per metre (dBμV/m) or in decibels above a reference level of one milliwatt (dBm).
Multipath propagationIn radio communication, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Causes of multipath include atmospheric ducting, ionospheric reflection and refraction, and reflection from water bodies and terrestrial objects such as mountains and buildings. When the same signal is received over more than one path, it can create interference and phase shifting of the signal. Destructive interference causes fading; this may cause a radio signal to become too weak in certain areas to be received adequately.
