Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loopThe cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop (CBGTC loop) is a system of neural circuits in the brain. The loop involves connections between the cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and back to the cortex. It is of particular relevance to hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, as well as to mental disorders of control, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and Tourette syndrome.
Consumer behaviourConsumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organisations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940–1950s as a distinct sub-discipline of marketing, but has become an interdisciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, marketing, and economics (especially behavioural economics).
Mental health professionalA mental health professional is a health care practitioner or social and human services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders. This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education, and community. These individuals (i.e.
Noyau accumbensLes noyaux accumbens, aussi connus sous le terme latin nucleus accumbens septi (qui signifie noyau appuyé contre le septum), sont un ensemble de neurones situés à l'intérieur de la zone corticale prosencéphalique. Il semble qu'ils jouent un rôle important dans le système de récompense et l'assuétude (accoutumance, dépendance), le rire, le plaisir, la peur et l'effet placebo. C'est une structure symétrique c'est-à-dire que chaque hémisphère cérébral a un noyau accumbens.
Trouble obsessionnel compulsifLe trouble obsessionnel compulsif (abrégé en l'acronyme TOC) est un trouble psychique caractérisé par l'apparition répétée de pensées intrusives — les obsessions — produisant de l'inconfort, de l'inquiétude, de la peur ; et/ou de comportements répétés et ritualisés — les compulsions — pouvant avoir l'effet de diminuer l'anxiété ou de soulager une tension.
Trait theoryIn psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively consistent over situations, and influence behaviour.
Stratification socialeLa stratification sociale, appelée aussi hiérarchisation sociale, est un processus qui tend à positionner les individus de façon hiérarchique, en strates (ou couches) au sein d'une organisation sociale donnée, et à engendrer des inégalités, en termes d'accès et de répartition des ressources. Le processus de stratification sociale produit une hiérarchie sociale, ainsi qu'un ordre social.
Psychiatrie communautaireLa psychiatrie communautaire se concentre sur la détection, la prévention, le traitement précoce et la réhabilitation des patients avec troubles émotionnels et sociaux tant que ceux-ci sont développés dans la communauté plutôt qu'en face à face, dans la clinique privée ou dans de larges institutions psychiatriques. Une importance particulière est donnée aux facteurs sociaux, interpersonnels et environnementaux qui contribuent à la maladie mentale.
CompetitionCompetition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including recognition. Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources.
Publicly funded health carePublicly funded healthcare is a form of health care financing designed to meet the cost of all or most healthcare needs from a publicly managed fund. Usually this is under some form of democratic accountability, the right of access to which are set down in rules applying to the whole population contributing to the fund or receiving benefits from it. The fund may be a not-for-profit trust that pays out for healthcare according to common rules established by the members or by some other democratic form.
