Antigen processingAntigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. It is considered to be a stage of antigen presentation pathways. This process involves two distinct pathways for processing of antigens from an organism's own (self) proteins or intracellular pathogens (e.g. viruses), or from phagocytosed pathogens (e.g. bacteria); subsequent presentation of these antigens on class I or class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is dependent on which pathway is used.
CCL5Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene. The gene has been discovered in 1990 by in situ hybridisation and it is localised on 17q11.2-q12 chromosome. It is also known as RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted). RANTES was first described by Dr. Tom Schall who named the protein, the original source of the name Rantes was from the Argentine movie Man Facing Southeast about an alien who shows up in a mental ward who was named Rantés, the rather clunky acronym was only made to fit the name.
Co-infectionEn microbiologie, la coinfection, co-infection ou infection multiple, est l'infection simultanée d'un hôte par plusieurs agents pathogènes. Chez l'homme, en dépit de l'absence de données disponibles sur la prévalence globale, on estime ce phénomène très commun, voire plus courant que l'infection simple. Par exemple, la co-infection impliquant des helminthes affecte environ 800 millions de personnes dans le monde. Dans le domaine de la médecine (virologie, bactériologie) la co-infection est l'infection simultanée d'une cellule par au moins deux entités virales ou bactériennes différentes.
