Amendement (agriculture)Un amendement est un produit fertilisant minéral ou organique apporté à un sol pour améliorer sa qualité agricole. Ces matières fertilisantes naturelles ou de synthèse sont destinées à l'agriculture et au jardinage, dans le but d'améliorer les propriétés physiques des sols (en particulier leur structure et la texture), les propriétés chimiques (notamment l'ajustement du niveau de nutriments disponibles pour les cultures, de pH pour l'acidité ou la basicité) et biologiques (par l'apport de matière organique), et de favoriser la rétention d'eau, la circulation de l'air, l'action des engrais (la fonction de ces derniers étant d'apporter aux plantes des éléments directement utiles à leur nutrition) et le travail de la terre.
Designvignette|Chaise de Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1897. Le design, le stylisme ou la stylique est une activité de création souvent à vocation industrielle ou commerciale, pouvant s’orienter vers les milieux sociaux, politiques, scientifiques et environnementaux. Le but premier du design est d’inventer, d’améliorer ou de faciliter l’usage ou le processus d’un élément ayant à interagir avec un produit ou un service matériel ou virtuel.
Biotic materialBiotic material or biological derived material is any material that originates from living organisms. Most such materials contain carbon and are capable of decay. The earliest life on Earth arose at least 3.5 billion years ago. Earlier physical evidences of life include graphite, a biogenic substance, in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in southwestern Greenland, as well as, "remains of biotic life" found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia.
Land degradationLand degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Expert projections suggest that land degradation will be an important theme of the 21st century, impacting agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss, environmental change, and its effects on food security.
Soil testSoil test may refer to one or more of a wide variety of soil analysis conducted for one of several possible reasons. Possibly the most widely conducted soil tests are those done to estimate the plant-available concentrations of plant nutrients, in order to determine fertilizer recommendations in agriculture. Other soil tests may be done for engineering (geotechnical), geochemical or ecological investigations. In agriculture, a soil test commonly refers to the analysis of a soil sample to determine nutrient content, composition, and other characteristics such as the acidity or pH level.
ÉcologieL'écologie, ou écologie scientifique, est une science qui étudie les interactions des êtres vivants entre eux et avec leur milieu. L'ensemble des êtres vivants, de leur milieu de vie et des relations qu'ils entretiennent forme un écosystème. L'écologie fait partie intégrante de la discipline plus vaste qu'est la science de l'environnement (ou science environnementale). Une définition généralement admise, particulièrement utilisée en écologie humaine, admet l'écologie comme étant ; l'environnement est .
Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Environmental concerns can be defined as the negative effects of any human activity on the environment. The biological as well as the physical features of the environment are included.
Stream restorationStream restoration or river restoration, also sometimes referred to as river reclamation, is work conducted to improve the environmental health of a river or stream, in support of biodiversity, recreation, flood management and/or landscape development. Stream restoration approaches can be divided into two broad categories: form-based restoration, which relies on physical interventions in a stream to improve its conditions; and process-based restoration, which advocates the restoration of hydrological and geomorphological processes (such as sediment transport or connectivity between the channel and the floodplain) to ensure a stream's resilience and ecological health.
Écosystèmethumb|Tapis de Salix glauca sur le Scoresby Sund (Groenland) avec un crâne de bœuf musqué au premier plan, deux espèces caractéristiques de la toundra. En écologie, un écosystème est un ensemble formé par une communauté d'êtres vivants en interaction (biocénose) avec leur environnement (biotope). Les composants de l'écosystème développent un dense réseau de dépendances, d'échanges d'énergie, d'information et de matière permettant le maintien et le développement de la vie.
Ecosystem managementEcosystem management is an approach to natural resource management that aims to ensure the long-term sustainability and persistence of an ecosystem's function and services while meeting socioeconomic, political, and cultural needs. Although indigenous communities have employed sustainable ecosystem management approaches implicitly for millennia, ecosystem management emerged explicitly as a formal concept in the 1990s from a growing appreciation of the complexity of ecosystems and of humans' reliance and influence on natural systems (e.
