MétéorologieLa météorologie est une science qui a pour objet l'étude des phénomènes atmosphériques tels que les nuages, les précipitations ou le vent dans le but de comprendre comment ils se forment et évoluent en fonction des paramètres mesurés tels que la pression, la température et l'humidité. Le mot vient du grec ancien (« qui est au-dessus de la terre »), qui désigne les particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère et , « discours » ou « connaissance ».
Forêt secondairevignette|Carte mondiale du World Resources Institute représentant les forêts plantées (planted forest) et les cultures arbustives (tree crops). thumb|Redwood endommagé par le typhon Frieda et repousse, Parc Stanley, Vancouver (Canada) La forêt secondaire, par opposition à la forêt primaire, est une forêt (biomasse ligneuse) qui a repoussé, en une ou plusieurs phases après avoir été détruite (par exemple par l'agriculture sur brûlis) ou exploitée par l'homme par des coupes rases ou avec des impacts plus discrets mais significatifs pour les essences ou la structure forestières.
Indirect land use change impacts of biofuelsThe indirect land use change impacts of biofuels, also known as ILUC or iLUC (pronounced as i-luck), relates to the unintended consequence of releasing more carbon emissions due to land-use changes around the world induced by the expansion of croplands for ethanol or biodiesel production in response to the increased global demand for biofuels. As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply-and-demand balance, pristine lands are cleared to replace the food crops that were diverted elsewhere to biofuels' production.
Nourriture contre carburant« Nourriture contre carburant » est un dilemme portant sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles ou de leur production à des fins de fabrication de biocarburants au détriment de la production alimentaire. Ce dilemme est depuis longtemps la source de controverses très larges sur le prix des biocarburants et de la nourriture ; il n'existerait aucune solution potentielle qui fasse consensus. Les débats portent sur la pertinence du dilemme, sur sa source et sur les solutions qui pourraient remédier à cette situation complexe.
Soil managementSoil management is the application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance (such as soil fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil health. In agriculture, some amount of soil management is needed both in nonorganic and organic types to prevent agricultural land from becoming poorly productive over decades. Organic farming in particular emphasizes optimal soil management, because it uses soil health as the exclusive or nearly exclusive source of its fertilization and pest control.
Low-carbon fuel standardA low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is an emissions trading rule designed to reduce the average carbon intensity of transportation fuels in a given jurisdiction, as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The most common methods for reducing transportation carbon emissions are supplying electricity to electric vehicles, supplying hydrogen fuel to fuel cell vehicles and blending biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, and renewable natural gas into fossil fuels.
Deforestation and climate changeDeforestation is a primary contributor to climate change, and climate change affects forests. Land use changes, especially in the form of deforestation, are the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel combustion. Greenhouse gases are emitted during combustion of forest biomass and decomposition of remaining plant material and soil carbon. Global models and national greenhouse gas inventories give similar results for deforestation emissions.
Food milesFood miles is the distance food is transported from the time of its making until it reaches the consumer. Food miles are one factor used when testing the environmental impact of food, such as the carbon footprint of the food. The concept of food miles originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom. It was conceived by Professor Tim Lang at the Sustainable Agriculture Food and Environment (SAFE) Alliance and first appeared in print in a report, "The Food Miles Report: The dangers of long-distance food transport", researched and written by Angela Paxton.
Forest coverForest cover is the amount of forest that covers a particular area of land. It may be measured as relative (in percent) or absolute (in square kilometres/square miles). Nearly a third of the world's land surface is covered with forest, with closed-canopy forest accounting for 4 - 5 billion hectares of land. Forests provide many ecosystem services that humans and animals cannot survive without, but anthropogenic actions and climate change are threatening global forest cover in potentially irreversible ways.
Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical DatabaseLa Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) est une base de données composée d'un agrégat de bases de données mondiale disséminées sur 245 pays et qui est mise à jour et maintenue par l'Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture. Les données de la FAOSTAT fournissent une série temporelle depuis 1961 sur la nutrition, la nourriture et l'agriculture. Elle est disponible en arabe, chinois, anglais, français, russe et espagnol.
