Composition chimiqueLa matière étant constituée en général de plusieurs corps purs (composés chimiques et corps simples), la composition chimique d'un produit fournit la quantité ou la proportion de chacun des corps purs qui le composent ; on les appelle de manière générique des composants. On parle de : composition qualitative lorsque l'on se contente simplement d'identifier les composants. Par exemple, l'air est essentiellement composé de diazote et de dioxygène ; composition quantitative lorsqu'on leur adjoint les concentrations, les quantités.
Testing hypotheses suggested by the dataIn statistics, hypotheses suggested by a given dataset, when tested with the same dataset that suggested them, are likely to be accepted even when they are not true. This is because circular reasoning (double dipping) would be involved: something seems true in the limited data set; therefore we hypothesize that it is true in general; therefore we wrongly test it on the same, limited data set, which seems to confirm that it is true.
Non-methane volatile organic compoundNon-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are a set of organic compounds that are typically photochemically reactive in the atmosphere—marked by the exclusion of methane. NMVOCs include a large variety of chemically different compounds, such as benzene, ethanol, formaldehyde, cyclohexane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and acetone. Essentially, NMVOCs are identical to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but with methane excluded. Methane is excluded in air-pollution contexts because it is not toxic.
