Impact of fuel quality regulation and speed reductions on shipping emissions: Implications for climate and air quality
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The temporal and spatial retrieve of ozone (O3) concentration and water vapor (H2O) mixing ratio in the troposphere is of essential interest. Contrary to the stratospheric case, the tropospheric ozone can have a harmful impact, with its toxic effect, on hu ...
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool developed to evaluate the environmental impact of a product or a system. After a decade of research in the LCA field, significant progress has been achieved but methodologies for the assessment of toxicological impacts ...
This paper presents a structured evaluation of a novel multimedia chemical fate and multi-pathway human exposure model for Western Europe, IMPACT 2002, using data for PCDD/F congeners. PCDD/F congeners provide an illustration of the potential use of POPs ( ...
The concentration and chemical composition of ambient fine particulate material (PM2.5) is reported for two sampling sites in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metropolitan area: the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) PM study si ...
In the presence of a Lewis or protic acid and at low temperature, 1,3-dioxy-1,3-dienes add to sulfur dioxide generating zwitterionic intermediates that can react with carbon nucleophiles such as allylsilanes. After a retro-ene elimination of SO2, valuable ...
Under appropriate conditions sulfur dioxide reacts with 1,3-dienes in the hetero-Diels-Alder fashion. In the case of 1-alkoxy-1,3-dienes the 6-alkoxy-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxatiin-2-oxides (sultines) so-obtained can be ionized in the presence of Lewis or protic ...
A new indicator is proposed to det. whether tropospheric O3 prodn. in a specific area is limited by volatile org. compds. (VOC) or NOx. This indicator, tVOCOH/tNOxOH, describes the ratio of OH- lifetime vs. losses by reaction with VOC and NOx. Whereas tNOx ...
Gaseous fuels produced, for example, by waste or agricultural by-products fermentation (biogas) can be burned in-situ by cogeneration systems like spark- ignition internal combustion engines. However, the more and more stringent legislation for exhaust gas ...
A de-trending technique was developed for short-term and annual variations to identify long-term trends in primary and secondary pollutants. With this approach, seasonal and annual variations are removed using a mean year; the residual meteorol. short-term ...
The hetero-Diels-Alder addition of sulfur dioxide to (E)- and (Z)-4-(fluoromethylidene)-3-methylene-2,3-dihydro-naphthalene follows the endo Alder rule. The first example of a crystalline sultine has been obtained. In agreement with high level quantum calc ...
